Learning for everyone Physical Development through Early Years
- Slides: 17
Learning for everyone… Physical Development through Early Years Fine and Gross Motor Skills The Early Years Educator Theme One: Child Development
Learning for everyone… Physical Development Involves the growth and change in a person’s body and bodily functions. Physical development involves both physiological and motor development. 2
Learning for everyone… Motor Skills Ø Are skills which enable us to move and control our bodies. Ø They can be divided into gross (large) and fine (small) motor skills. Ø Both gross and fine motor skills require practise and opportunity to develop muscle strength, balance and co-ordination. 3
Learning for everyone… Gross Motor Skills Gross motor skills involve co-ordination of the large muscles. For example: crawling, walking, climbing, etc. 4
Learning for everyone… Fine Motor Skills Fine motor skills involve coordination of the small muscles (manipulation). For example: grasping, turning knobs, drawing, etc. 5
Learning for everyone… Physical changes during Infancy Ø The infant’s growth: Ø A period of rapid growth Ø Weight usually doubles by 6 months and is three times birth weight by 12 months Ø Length and height changes are equally rapid Ø Muscles, bones and nerve tissues mature 6
Learning for everyone… Fostering Physical Skills of Infants 7
Learning for everyone… Fostering Physical Skills of Infants Educators need to: - Provide a balanced , nutritious diet Follow infant’s lead in exploring the physical environment Offer appropriate encouragement Provide a clean, safe and stimulating environment Provide variety Allow for repetition and mastery Include music to stimulate movement Monitor each child for a range of physical skills and note frustrations etc. 8
Learning for everyone… Gross Motor Development During Toddlerhood 9
Learning for everyone… - Gross Motor Development During Toddlerhood The Toddler: • • • Walks well with feet slightly apart Stops for obstacles Walks backwards Displays much energy Show more flexibility at knees and ankles Displays better balance Now runs Walks upstairs (two feet per step) By 30 -36 months walks downstairs Jumps off bottom step, one foot leading the other • Kicks a large stationary ball • Pushes a tricycle along with feet 10
Learning for everyone… Supporting Toddler’s Gross Motor Skills Educators need to provide a range of play equipment: - Wooden tricycles Trolleys Stepping stones Large balls Bean bags Small tunnels Large cardboard boxes 11
Learning for everyone… Fine Motor Development During Toddlerhood 12
Learning for everyone… Fine Motor Development During Toddlerhood The Toddler: • By 18 months uses a spoon well • Builds with stacking blocks • Pushes in large puzzle pieces • Strings large beads with a stiff threader • Uses two hands to cut with scissors • Grasps a pencil between thumb and forefinger (pincer grip) • Hammers large knobs and wooden pegs and turn knobs • Undresses well though finds dressing more difficult 13
Learning for everyone… Supporting Toddler’s Fine Motor Skills Educators need to provide or encourage: • Spoon and cup play in both dramatic play and in the sandpit • Appropriate sized buttons and zippers on clothing • Puzzles with large pieces • Large beads for threading • Thick paint brushes • Nesting cups • Water play 14
Learning for everyone… Gross Motor Development during the Preschool Years 15
Learning for everyone… Fine Motor Development during the Preschool Years 16
Learning for everyone… Motor Development During Middle Childhood • Children develop, refine and find new ways to extend basic skills gained in early childhood (running, balancing, hopping, drawing) • Skill development can be observed through ball play, bike riding, skipping, dancing, writing etc. • There a wide range of individual differences related to practice and inherited characteristics • Boys tend to be stronger than girls but girls display more muscular flexibility 17
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