Learning Approaches Theory and Practice Sadaiah Wourman ECE

Learning Approaches, Theory, and Practice Sadaiah Wourman ECE 101: Introduction to Early Childhood Education Instructor: Joy Bunn December 8, 2014

Theorists/Theories – Most connected to least connected Learning Approaches – Most connected to least connected 1. Skinner: Operant Conditioning Theory 1. Creative Curriculum 2. Kohlberg: Theory of Moral Development 2. Reggio Emilia 3. Erikson: Theory of Psychosocial Development 3. High/Scope 4. Piaget: Theory of Cognitive Development 4. Montessori 5. Gardner: Theory of Multiple Intelligences 5. Direct Instruction 6. Bandura: Social Learning Theory 7. Freud: Psychosexual Theory of Development 8. Vygotsky: Sociocultural Theory of Development

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Skinn Cond er: Opera itionin nt g The ory • B. F. Skninner believed that the best way to understand behavior is to look at all causes of action and its consequences. His approach was called the operant conditioning theory. • Skinner showed us three types of responses or operant that can follow behavior. The main source that I would be using in my class room setting would be positive reinforcement. • When it comes to positive reinforcement that can help a lot in a everyday classroom setting when it comes to dealing with younger children. Babies and toddlers like to be rewarded when they have done something correct. Even preschoolers when they have learned something new and they are applying it in the classroom there is never anything wrong with positive reinforcement. It will help a child. • This theory ranked #1 on my list due to this is something that I have a lot of experience with in my house hold. While I potty trained my youngest daughter this theory was used. We decided to go to the dollar store and get a few fun toys and stickers for her. What we did was placed everything in a small bucket and each time she went to the bathroom and told us that she had to potty we allowed her to get a treat out of what we called the potty box. She really seemed to enjoy the treats and knew that her going to the bathroom was a good thing and that she would be rewarded for it. It was well worth it and by the time the potty bag went low she was fully potty trained.

f o y r o e t h n e T : m g p r o e vel b l h e o D K ral Mo • Kohlberg believed that children move through different stages of moral development and that the process of moral development continues through out a persons lifetime. Kohlberg believed and was able to demonstrate through studies that people progressed in their moral reasoning (i. e. , in their bases for ethical behavior) through a series of stages. He believed that there were six identifiable stages which could be more generally classified into three levels. Kohlberg believed that individuals could only progress through these stages one stage at a time. That is, they could not "jump" stages. • According to Kohlberg, children early in their middle childhood stage of development will typically display "Preconventional" moral reasoning. Children displaying preconventional moral reasoning have internalized basic culturally prescribed rules governing right and wrong behavior. Later on in middle childhood, approximately between ages 10 and 12, children begin to show a dawning appreciation of "ideal reciprocity", which is a method for determining what is "fair" based on an appreciation of equality between relationship partners, and a desire to treat others well. • Children who are in the first stage f Kohlberg's theory of Moral Development see that rues are fixed and they must obey them in so that they do not get punished.

References • Estes, L. S. , & Krogh, S. L. (2012). Pathways to teaching young children: An introduction to early childhood education. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc • http: //www. simplypsychology. org/operant-conditioning. html • http: //psychology. about. com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/introopcond. htm • Zaur, J. , & Simmons, J. (2014). A tale of five classrooms [Interactivity]. Ashford University, College of Education, San Diego, CA. This interaction is required for completion of the Learning Approaches discussio • Zaur, J. , Irwin, J. , & Phillips, J. (2014). ECE 101 theorist gallery tour [Interactivity]. Ashford University, College of Education, San Diego, CA. This interactive learning object is required for the completion of Discussion 1. Z • http: //education-portal. com/academy/lesson/kohlbergs-stages-of-moraldevelopment. html#lesson • http: //www. sevencounties. org/poc/view_doc. php? type=doc&id=37692&cn=127 2