LEARNERS PERSONALITY TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS ERIC BERNE

LEARNER’S PERSONALITY TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS ERIC BERNE

ERIC BERNE

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS Definition It is a theory of personality and social action and a clinical method of psychotherapy based on the analysis of all possible transactions between two or more people on the basis of specifically defined ego states.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • It is a cognitive behavioural approach that assumes a person has the potential for choosing and redirecting or reshaping his or her own destiny.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS Major Assumption People can be autonomous Real people are autonomous and Autonomous people demonstrate the following characteristic capacities. • Awareness • Spontaneity • Intimacy • •

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • Awareness • Autonomous people are aware of their environment as they perceive it rather than by the way others taught them to perceive it. • They are aware of what they sense, feel , know and do • They are not ashamed of and afraid of what they are involved in.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • Spontaneity • Autonomous people are spontaneous • They behave the most appropriately in various situations • They create and accept responsibilities of their own choice • They make their own decisions which they have to.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • Intimacy • Autonomous people are capable of developing and keeping intimacy • They attempt to be open and authentic • They attempt to see others in their own uniqueness

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • It involves four types of analysis • • Structural analysis Transactional analysis Game analysis and Script analysis

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • It refers to the psychological structure of personality which includes three ego states. They are; • Parental ego state • Adult ego state • Child ego state

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • Parental ego state • Sometimes an individual may imitate unconsciously certain parental behaviour which once he experienced. • At that time the individual is transformed into the parent. • It is also a part of his personality.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • Parental ego state • When an individual feels , thinks and behaves in a manner copied from parent the individual is said to be in the parental ego state.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • Adult ego state • The adult ego state develops after the child and parent ego states have developed. • It is based on one’s current information about the world. • It is not repetition and imitation

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • Adult ego state • It serves two functions • 1. It performs the activities which an adult has to perform. • E. g. Driving a car, do the duties at the work place, solving problems that may arise etc.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • Adult ego state • 2. Modify or edit the child and parental behaviour in the individual when he feels that they contain inaccurate data.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • • • Adult ego state When an individual feels , thinks and behaves in ways which are direct ‘here and now’ responses to events around him or her using all the abilities possessed as a grown up, the individual is • said to be in the adult ego state

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • Child ego state • When an individual feels , thinks and behaves as he or she had done when he or she had been a child , the individual is said to be in the child ego state.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS structural diagram

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS Transactional Analysis It is a unit of social interaction involving communication between two people. The application of ego state model to analyse sequence of transaction is called Transactional Analysis.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • Transactional Analysis • It attempts to determine correctly the ego state in which the individual is at the moment of transaction. • It attempts to determine the patterns of transactional stimulus and transactional response.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • • • A transaction consists of two or more strokes. Stroke is a component of behaviour. It may be positive or negative. E. g. Positive – smile, ‘hello’ Negative - frown

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • There are three kinds of transactions • Complementary transactions • Crossed transactions and • Ulterior transactions

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • Complementary transactions • Here stimulus and response will be in complementary ego states. • The nature of transaction can be represented by arrows which are parallel. In a transaction between two persons nine complementary transactions are possible

Complementary transactions

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • Crossed transactions • Here stimulus and response will be at different ego levels. • The nature of transaction can be represented by arrows which cross each other.

Crossed transactions

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • • • Ulterior transactions Here there are two response patterns One Overt response and One Covert response Stimulus behaviour too might involve overt and covert patterns.

Ulterior transactions • It can be of two types • Angular transaction • and • Duplex transaction

Ulterior transactions Angular transaction It involves three ego states If the social level transaction is between same ego states and are complimentary and the psychological level transaction is between the ego state (stimulus) of the social level transaction and another ego state, it is angular transaction.

Angular Transaction • • E. g. , Stimulus Response Salesman Housewife Adult social Adult psychological Child ‘This one is better, but you cant afford it’ ‘That is the one I will take’

Angular Transaction • It is costly, but it is better. Better you select this. • I don’t mind whether it is better. Anyway it is costly. So it may be better. I can afford a costly one.

Ulterior transactions • Duplex transaction • It is a two level transaction in which there is a hidden transaction between two different ego states of the persons concerned, apart from the obvious transaction. • It involves four ego states. • It is commonly seen among college studets.

Duplex transaction • Adult – adult • College is closing for study leave. I have lost many classes • Child – child • Don’t worry , we can study together

Ulterior transactions

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS • Conclusions about transactions • Communication will be smooth as far as the transactions are complimentary • Communication is disturbed when a crossed transaction occurs • The outcome of ulterior transaction is determined at the psychological level rather than social level.

How to preserve smooth social life? • Keeping transactions complimentary • Avoid crossed transactions • Beware of ulterior transactions.

Game Analysis A game involves recurring set of transactions. These transactions may be repetitious and superficially plausible. These may involve a concealed motive ( a series of moves with a snare or ‘gimmick’)

Game Analysis • Games are different from procedures in two characteristics. • 1. Their ulterior quality • 2. The nature of the expected ‘pay off’

Game Analysis • There are three ways of analysing games • 1. Transactional approach • 2. Formula G and • 3. Karpman Triangle

Game Analysis • Transactional Approach • In this approach the ulterior quality of transactions and the final pay off are exposed

Transactional Approach • During a conversation one talks about an irrelevant topic. • Then the other ; Where are you? A • I am here. A • You are stupid. C • But cleverer than you. C

Game Analysis • Formula G • It is con plus gimmick equals response leading to switch leading to cross up ending in pay off. • C+G=R S X Pay-off

Game Analysis • • • C+G=R S X Pay-off C – con G – gimmick R – response S – switch X – cross up Formula G

Formula G • A disappointed lady got married………………… • (Its my fate. Let me test) Please bring Anu from school on your way back. A to A • You do it yourself , I have a lot of work. A to A • You have byke , you go out. So why cant you take her ? P to C • What du you think of me? Am I a fool? P to C • It is my fate , No one can change it.

Game Analysis • Karpman Triangle • There are three modes of making use of dependence between individuals during transaction. • Based on these there are three game roles. • These roles with ulterior motives are represented by Karpman Triangle

Karpman Triangle

Script Analysis • Script is what the person planned to do in early childhood • The parental ‘Do’s and ‘Don't’s influence one in making one’s script • The healing experience in life is essentially the breaking of the script and taking over the responsibility for one’s own life.

Life Positions • I am not OK - You are OK ( inferior) • I am not OK - You are not OK( mentally sick) • I am OK - You are not OK( feel victimised and blame others) • I am OK - You are OK( mentally healthy)

Need Revision? • Yes • or • No