Leafy Vegetables WP 3 Evaluation Leader Valrie Cadot
Leafy Vegetables WP 3: Evaluation Leader: Valérie Cadot, France GEVES : Variety and seed, study and control group Groupe d’Etude et de contrôle des Variétés Et des Semences Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
Outline presentation A. Goal B. Milestones C. Preparation of evaluation tests Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
A. Goal u Evaluation for pests and diseases resistance u Evaluation for quality and abiotic characters u Inclusion in the databases to enable a more sustainable production methods and a better quality product Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
B. Milestones u 2007, December: – Material selected for the evaluation activities of the 4 crops – Seeds sent to the partners u u 2008, June: 2009, December: – – u Lettuce : Spinach: Chicory: Minor crops: 1 st year of evaluation 2 nd year of evaluation 70 210 170 30 2010, December: 3 rd year of evaluation Data entered in a fixed format to be sent to the database managers – – Lettuce : Spinach: Chicory: Minor crops: 107/ 115 (contract) 320 390 / 265 (contract) 49 Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
C. Preparation of evaluations 1. What is done by who? 2. How to select the material for evaluation (core collection)? 3. What about seeds? u who sends to who? u which quantity? 4. What about methods? u if absent, which process? u harmonization when several methods? 5. Which type of data will be included in the data base? Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
1. What is done by who? a) for pests and diseases resistance u Lettuce: 52 evaluations – Bremia lactucae P 4 (CZ), P 10 (GBR) – Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp. ) u Spinach: 250 evaluations – Downy mildew (Peronospora farinosa) u Chicory: P 13 (SLO) P 0 (NLD) 165 evaluations – Thielaviopsis basicola P 2 (FRA) – Alternaria cichorii P 2 (FRA) – Sclerotinia sclerotiorum P 2 (FRA) Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
1. What is done by who? b) for quality and abiotic characters u u u Lettuce: 55 evaluations – Post harvest discoloration – Winter hardiness – Quality, taste (organoleptic) Spinach: 70 evaluations – Nitrate, oxalic acid, dry matter Chicory: 225 evaluations – Shape, color, taste, history, regionalism – Sesquiterpenes – Internal sensory characteristics Valerianella: 9 evaluations – Winter hardiness, taste Rucola: 40 evaluations – Nitrate, dry matter – Glucosinolate content P 1(GBR) P 7 (AUT) P 7(AUT), P 9 (SLO) P 5 (DAN, SW) P 8 (CHE) P 12 (ITA) P 9 (SLO) P 5 (DAN, SW) P 12 (ITA) Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
2. How to select the material for evaluation (core collection)? a) Which criteria to select accessions? b) Which methods to select accessions? c) Who are material? the actors for Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February selecting
a) Which criteria to select accessions? – based on maximizing the genetic diversity with a limited set of accessions (core collection: often 5 to 20% of the whole collection) – based on the purpose of evaluations ex : Bremia lactucae: old cultivars without Dm genes (durable resistance). – to use the same accessions (or subgroups) for the different evaluations while taking into account the purpose of each one. Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
b) Which methods to select accessions? u Analytical procedures in order to maximize the genetic diversity: Multivariate analysis (Principal Component Scoring), cluster analysis u Pragmatic considerations: - the group size: ex: L strategy (logarithmic) - availability of seeds - quality of documentation: passport data computerized curator’s knowledge about the phenotype - use of needs - reputation: standard, … A mixture of different strategies based on diversity, use and numbers Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
5 steps for the selection of a core collection (see « Core collections of plant genetic resources » , IPGRI) 1. Identify the material that will be presented 2. Decide on the size of the core collection 3. Divide the set of material used into distinct groups 4. Decide on the number of entries per group 5. Choose the entries from each group that will be included in the core. Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
c) Who are the actors for selecting material? The task leader Partners: holding collections Lettuce (HRI: Pink) Spinach (CGN: van Treuren) Chicory (GEVES: Cadot) Minor crops (IPK: Borner) Partners: in charge of evaluations Selecting material for evaluation (core collection) Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
c 1) For lettuce (ILDB) Countries holding collections? Numb. Czech Republic P 4 1524 France P 2 - P 6 1139 Germany P 3 1158 Netherlands P 0 2500 Nordic Countries P 5 Slovenia P 13 United Kingdom P 1 HRI: Pink Partner Numb. Evaluatio n P 4 (Palacky Univ. ) 30 Bremia lactucae P 10 (HDRA) 17 P 13 (AIS) 10 -20 Meloidogy ne sp. P 1 (HRI) 24 Post harvest discolorati on P 7 (Arche Noah) 15: ? various types Winter hardiness P 7 (Arche Noah) 6: ? winterbutterhe ad Taste (organolep tic) Quality 32 186 1600 Collections of 3 NGO's 307 Total hold by project members 8446 P 9 10 (USOFA) P 13 Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 and th February (AIS)
c 2) For spinach Countries holding collections? Czech Republic P 4 CGN: van Treuren Partner Evaluation Numb. 17 France P 2 117 Germany P 3 207 Netherlands P 0 386 Nordic Countries P 5 Slovenia P 9 United Kingdom P 1 60 130 Collections of 3 NGO's 43 Total hold by project members 960 Numb. P 0 (CGN) Downy mildew, 3 -5 races (breeders) 250 P 5 (NGB) Nitrate 70 P 5 (NGB) Oxalic acid 70 P 5 (NGB) Dry matter 70 Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
c 3) For chicory Countries holding collections? Numb. Czech Republic P 4 (Univ. Palacky) 24 France P 2 (GEVES) 150 Germany P 3 (IPK) 630 Slovenia P 13 (AIS) 7 United Kingdom P 1 (HRI) 63 Austria NGO P 7 (Arche Noah) 38 Total hold by project members 908 GEVES: Cadot Partner Evaluation Num b. P 2 - GEVES Thielaviopsis basicola Alternaria cichorii Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 75 60 30 P 8 (Pro Specie Rara) Shape, color, taste, history, regionallity 100 P 12 (UNIBO) Sesquiterpene lactones external 100 P 12 (UNIBO) Internal sensory characteristics 25 Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
c 4) For minor crops Countries holding Numb. collections? Czech Republic P 4 France P 2 Germany P 3 Netherlands P 0 IPK: Borner 3 Evaluation Numb. P 9 (USOFA) Winter hardiness and taste (organoleptic) 9 P 5 (NGB) Nitrate, dry matter 20 P 12 (UNIBO) Glucosinolate content 20 -40 32 163 10 Nordic Countries P 5 - Slovenia P 9 9 United Kingdom P 1 27 Collections of 3 NGO's 25 Total hold by project members Partner 269 Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
3. Lettuce: What about seeds? 1000 seeds = 1. 25 g or 1 g = 800 seeds Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
3. Spinach: What about seeds? 1000 seeds =9 g or 1 g=110 seeds Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
3. Chicory: What about seeds? 1000 seeds = 1. 6 g or 1 g =600 seeds Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
3. Minor crops: What about seeds? Valerianella: 1000 seeds = 0. 7 to 4 g Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
4. What about methods? – If method absent, do we use the method of another partner? Ex : Lettuce: Taste (organoleptic) and quality P 7: No method use P 9 method? – Harmonization when several methods? Ex: Chicory: Internal sensory characteristics (P 12) & Taste (P 8) Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
5. Which type of data will be included in the data base? 1. A note and its level of expression associated (harmonization to define) 2. A measured note 3. A file, linked to the accession number 4. A text, to include in a field « Remarks » 5. Or a combination of these possibilities? Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
Which type of data will be sent in prefixed format file? Species Items Partners Evaluation Which data format will be sent? Chicory Pest and diseases P 2 - SNES P 2 - GEVES P 2 -FNPE Thielaviopsis basicola Alternaria cichorii Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 1: note with its level of expression associated Other properties P 8 (Pro Specie Rara) Shape, color, taste, history, regionallity P 12 (UNIBO) Sesquiterpene lactones external P 12 (UNIBO) Internal sensory characteristics Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February 4 (eventually): remarks
Let’s go for a fruitful discussion! Leafy Vegetables, WP 3, 14 th February
- Slides: 24