Leadership Economic Development in Bhutan Prem Dhungyel MP

Leadership & Economic Development in Bhutan Prem Dhungyel MP 1 Student GRIPS

Outline Ø Country Profile Ø General Concepts of Leadership Ø Leaders in Bhutan Ø Bhutan’s path to development Ø Significant Achievements Ø Challenges Ø Policy measures & conclusion

Country Profile Ø Location: N = China, S = India Ø Total Pop: 0. 746 m Ø Land Area: 38, 394 sq. km

Contd… üReligion: Buddhism & Hinduism üGovernment: Democracy üPCI: $2837 üLife Expectancy: üFemale: 70. 51 üMale: 69. 51

Ø General Concepts of Leadership Ø Great leaders possess dazzling social intelligence, a zest for change, and above all, vision that allows them to set their sights on things that truly merit attention Ø A leader must possess compassion Ø Well educated and skilled tends to be better at doing things differently

Leaders since 1907

Leaders in Bhutan Father of Modern Bhutan Five Year Planning started in 1961 k c u ch g n a W rji o e. D m g i J Third King (1952 -1972) Joining international community Infrastructure development Industrial policy for belter life

Contd……. Introduced GNH as a development paradigm Pouring of democracy in Bhutan k c u h c g Ji e gm ye an W Si ng Economic growth accelerated Step to Middle income country Dramatic increase in GDP per-capita Focus on hydropower development Fourth King (1972 -2006) Industrial development

Bhutan’s path to development since 1972 (4 k) Sustainable and Equitable Socioeconomic Development Good Governance Pillars Promotion & Preservation of Culture Environment Conservation

Living Standard Ecology Community Vitality Psychological Wellbeing 9 Domains Time Use Education Cultural Diversity Good Governance Health

Policy Formulation Process in Bhutan(4 k) Review sectorial policies for govt. approval LDC DDC GNHC Coordinate policy formulation Cabinet Formulation of five year plans with government Approval

Significant Achievements (4 k) Nishioka bridge e r u t t l n u me c i r op o a t g A vel d iok e t de ribu ish N t t o a sh Da Ø A museum to commemorate the man who modernized agriculture in Bhutan, the late Dasho Keiji Nishioka Ø Regarded as father of agriculture revolution in Bhutan Ø Born in Japan but lived for Bhutan (As cited in Bhutanese history)

Contd…… Major Industries established in Bhutan(4 k) Pasakha Industrial Zone Gomtu Cement Factory Tala Hydroelectric Project

Hydropower in Bhutan(4 k) Generating Projects Chukha Hydropower Plant 336 Megawatt Basochhu Hydropower Plant 64 Megawatt Kurichhu Hydropower Plant 60 Megawatt Tala Hydropower Plant 1020 Megawatt Dagachhu Hydropower Plant 126 Megawatt

On-going Projects Kholongchhu Hydropower Plant Bunakha Hydropower Plant Wangchhu Hydropower Plant Chamkharchhu Hydropower Plant 600 Megawatt 180 Megawatt 570 Megawatt 770 Megawatt Punatshangchhu-I Hydropower Plant 1000 Megawatt Punatshangchhu-II Hydropower Plant Amochhu Hydropower Plant Digala Hydropower Plant Shingkhar Hydropower Plant Mangdechhu Hydropower Plant Nikachhu Hydropower Plant Kurichhu Hydropower Plant 990 Megawatt 500 Megawatt 670 Megawatt 570 Megawatt 670 Megawatt 210 Megawatt 401 Megawatt

GDP from 1985 -2015(4 k) Year GDP in USD 1985 175 1990 279 1995 294 2000 460 2005 828 2008 1280 2015 2 billion

GDP Per Capita since 1980 s(4 k) 3000 Amount in USD 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 Year 2005 2010 2015 2020

Roles of King after 2008(4 k) Citizenship and land Appointment of important executives Direct influence on addressing issues Control over armed force personnel Command bills passed in parliament Establish international relations & honor state guests

Challenges Ø GNH, a fine concept but how to quantify Ø Threat of globalization and media Ø Poor human capital Ø Shortage of manpower Ø Sustainability of hydropower Ø Still major authority lies with king

Policy measures & conclusion Ø Focus on tourism sector Ø Attract FDI and drive win-win situation Ø Empower universities and academic institutions Ø Set up export-oriented industries through FDI Ø Brand Bhutan