Lead Poisoning in Children Decreasing Childhood Blood Levels
Lead Poisoning in Children: Decreasing Childhood Blood Levels in the Community by Pamela C. Ba Ph. D. Student at Walden University
www. webelements. co. . . Introduction Topics of Discussion • • • Purpose of this presentation Definition of Lead (Pb) Sources of lead Earth provides enough to satisfy every man's need, but not every man's greed. " - Mohandas K. Gandhi quoted in EF Schumacher, Small is Beautiful. Lead Poisoning, Acute Lead Poisoning, Chronic Blood Levels of children in Michigan Prevention and removal of lead-based paint Learning Goals Policies, Funding
Purpose of This Paper www. saburc hill. com • • • Comprehensive explanation of lead poisoning Significance of lead poisoning Inform the community Removal of lead-based paint Preventive Measures www. saskschools. ca
Definition of Lead (Pb) • www. infomine. com • • Bluish-gray metal Heavy, ductile, soft solid A metallic element Insoluble in water Soluble in dilute nitric acid Atomic weight 207. 2 Atomic number 82 Specific gravity 11. 35
Sources of Lead www. investinchildren. us • • • Drinking water Dust Contaminated soil Cosmetics Batteries Ammunition Metal Products Lead-based paints Ceramic products Caulking Pipe Solder Environmentally friendly cars will soon cease to be an option. . . they will be necessary” - Fujio Cho, President of Toyota Motors, North American International Auto Show, 2004
Acute Lead Poisoning • • • Abdominal pain Encephalopathy Headache Confusion Renal failure Convulsions
Chronic Lead Poisoning • Behavioral changes, • Nephritis • Peripheral neuropathy (Lewis 1997; World Health Organization [WHO] 1995). www. envirotechserv.
Michigan Children Confirmed As Lead Poisoned • Children aged 0 through 6 • A lead level of 10 micrograms/deciliter (µg 1 d. L) is considered to be diagnostic of lead poisoning www. epa. gov
Michigan Children Confirmed as Lead Poisoned -continued. Actions Taken For Elevated Blood Lead Levels www. ilovemybaby. org • • 10 -19 µg/d. L – Referrals 20 µg/d. L and over – Medical management 45 µg/d. L and over - Hospitalization 70 µg/d. L or more - Medical emergencies www. cityofberkeley. www. investinc hildren. us
Preventive Measures www. reviewscout. co. . . • • Lead-based paint Collect paint chips, dust, dirt, rubble Store larger lead-based paint (LBP) Use a covered mobile dumpster Contact local solid waste authorities www. rivcoph. org
Michigan Department of Community Health / Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Statewide Lead Testing/Lead Screening Plan • • • • Battle Creek Grand Rapids Lansing Benton Harbor Hamtramck Muskegon/Muskegon Hts Dearborn Highland Park Pontiac Detroit Jackson Saginaw Flint Kalamazoo
Genesee County Health Department Childhood Lead Poison Prevention Program • Lead Poisoning is invisible • Get tested – Call (810) 257 -3833 • Take Lead Questionnaire • Fix meals high in iron and calcium • Eat liver, beef, spinach, greens, etc. • Get home tested • Clean, Clean • Stellar Program
www. thejcdp. com Funding Opportunities for Lead Hazard Control • • Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Department of Human Services (DHS) Michigan State Housing Development Authority (MSHDA)
Key Learning Goals • • • Wash toddler’s hands Repair peeling and chipping paint See a physician Community resources National Hotline markgreensteinreal
Policy Resources www. finkandplat z. co losangelesliabilityattor neys. co • Overcoming Barriers to Data-Sharing Related to the HIPAA Privacy Rule A Guide for State and Local Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Programs • EPA Renovation, Repair and Painting Program Rule (RRP) • Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD) Lead Safe Housing Rule
Conclusion • Thank you very much.
References Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry. (2009). Toxic substances portal: Lead. Retrieved June 2, 2009 from http: //www. atsdr. cdc. gov/substances/toxsubstance. asp? toxid =22 http: //www. atsdr. cdc. gov/substances/toxsubstance. asp? toxid=22 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2005). Alliance for Health Homes. Protecting Children from Lead and other Environmental Hazards. Overcoming Barriers to Data-Sharing Related to the HIPPAAA Privacy Rule. A guide for State and Local Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Programs. Retrieved July 15, 2009 from http: //www. cdc/nceh/lead/ Davis, F. A. , (1997). Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary (18 th ed. ). Philadelphia: Davis Company Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), (2008). Indoor Air Quality. An introduction to indoor air quality. Retrieved July 13, 2009 from http: //www. epa. gov/iag/lead. html Genesee County Health Department. (2009). Childhood Lead Poison Prevention Program. Retrieved July 11, 2009 from http: //www. gchd. us/Services/Community. Health/Lead. Poisoning/ Genesee County Health Department. (2009). Lead Poisoning is Invisible. Retrieved July 11, 2009 from http: //www. gchd. us/Library/lead_poisoning_is_invisible. asp Health Line (2007). Poison Control, or a local emergency number. Retrieved July 14, 2009 from http: //www. healthline. com/adamcontent/lead-poisoning/2 Image Results for Pictures of Lead Poisoning. (n. d. ) Retrieved July 10, 2009 from http: //im ages. google. com/images? sourceid= pictures+of+lead+poisoning&um= = ages. google. com/images? sourceid=navclient&rlz=1 T 4 RNWN_en. US 274 US 286&q=pictures+of+lead+poisoning&um • 1&ie=UTF-8&ei=YTtj. Spzi. Ga. Wvtgf. Yk_z 0 Dw&sa=X&oi =image_result_group&ct= 1&ie=UTF-8&ei=YTtj. Spzi. Ga. Wvtgf. Yk_z 0 Dw&sa=X&oi= image_result_group&ct=title&resnum=1 Lanphear BP, Hornung R, Ho M, Howard CR, Eberle S, Knauf K. 2002. Environmental lead exposure during early childhood. J Pædiatr 140: 40 -47. • Retrieved July 11, 2009 from http: //www. ehponline. org/members/2004/6941. html Lewis R. L. (1997). Metals. In: Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2 nd ed. ( La. Dou J, ed). Stamford, CT: Appleton and Lange, • 405 -439. Retrieved July 12, 2009 from http: //www. ehponline. org/members/2004/6941. html
References -continued. Lidsky TI, Schneider JS. 2003. Lead neurotoxicity in children: basic mechanisms and clinical correlates. Brain 126: 5 -19. Retrieved July 11, 2009 from http: //www. ehponline. org/members/2004/6941. html Meyer PA, Mc. Geehin MA, Falk H. 2003 b. A global approach to childhood lead poisoning prevention. Int J Hyg Environ Health 206: 363 -369. Retrieved July 12, 2009 from http: //www. ehponline. org/members/2004/6941. html Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH). 2007. Children with elevated blood lead level. Retrieved July 10 from http: //michigan. gov/documents/mdch/1129_02_01_07_186280_7. pdf Michigan Department of Community Health / Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Statewide Lead Testing/Lead Screening Plan. (2008). Retrieved July 10, 2009 from http: //www. michigan. gov/documents/Screen. Plan_11223_7. pdf Michigan Government. (2002). What is a HEPA vacuum and how do I use it? Retrieved July 11, 2009 from http: //www. michigan. gov/printer. Friendly/0, 1687, 7 -132 -2940_2955_2983 -19755 --, 00. html Moeller, D. W. (2005). Environmental health (3 rd ed. ). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (2008). Quotes. Retrieved July 7, 2009 from http: //www. epa. gov/Region 2/library/quotes. htm • U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (2008). Quotes. Mohandas K. Gandhi quoted in EF Schumacher, Small is Beautiful. Retrieved July 12, 2009 from http: //www. epa. gov/Region 2/library/quotes. htm • U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (2008). Quotes. Fujio Cho, President of Toyota Motors, North American International Auto Show, 2004. Retrieved July 12, 2009 from http: //www. epa. gov/Region 2/library/quotes. htm World Health Organization. (1995). Recent Developments in Low-Level Lead Exposure and Intellectual Impairment in Children. Retrieved July 12, 2009 from http: //www. ehponline. org/members/2004/6941. html Ziegler EE, Edwards BB, Jensen RL, et al. 1978. Absorption and retention of lead by infants. Pediatr Res 12: 29 -34. Retrieved July 11, 2009 from http: //www. ehponline. org/members/2004/6941. html
- Slides: 18