Le ptrole Patricia Brunet Eva Chevrier Dfinition du

Le pétrole Patricia Brunet Eva Chevrier

Définition du pétrole - Huile minérale Mélange d'hydrocarbures Composés organiques - “Huile minérale naturelle, de couleur très foncée, d'une densité variant de 0, 8 à 0, 95, composée essentiellement d'hydrocarbures paraffiniques, naphténiques et aromatiques. (On dit aussi pétrole brut et, dans les opérations d'exploration et de production, huile. )” Larousse Lat. : Petra Oleum (huile de pierre) - Énergie fossile XIXème siècle États-Unis, Arabie Saoudite, Russie

Formation du pétrole et processus - Débris organiques microscopiques - Fond des mers, deltas - Bactéries anaérobies - Dizaines de millions d’années - Entre 1000 et 3000 mètres de profondeur

Définition de l’extraction de pétrole L'extraction de pétrole est le processus par lequel le pétrole utilisable est extrait et retiré du sous sol. - Par forage d’exploration - Puis par forage rotatif ● ● ● tige de forage trépan train de tiges boue de forage déblais

The rapid expansion of shale gas and shale oil exploration and exploitation using hydraulic fracturing techniques has created an energy boom in the USA but raised questions regarding the possible environmental risks, such as the potential for groundwater contamination (e. g. Jackson et al. , 2013; Vidic et al. , 2013) and fugitive emissions of hydrocarbons in to the atmosphere (e. g. Miller et al. , 2013). Boreholes drilled to explore for and extract hydrocarbons must penetrate shallower strata before reaching the target horizons. Some of the shallower strata may contain groundwater used for human consumption or which supports surface water flows and wetland ecosystems. Although it has been routine practice to seal wells passing through suchlayers, they remain a potential source of fluid mixing in the subsurface and potential contamination (King and King, 2013). This can occur for many reasons, including poor well completion practices, the corrosion of steel casing, and the deterioration of cement during production or after well abandonment. Boreholes can then become high-permeability potential conduits for both natural and man-made fluids (e. g. Watson and Bachu, 2009), and vertical pressure gradients in the subsurface can drive movement of fluids along these flow paths. The potential importance of wellbore integrity to the protection of shallow groundwater has recently been highlighted in research papers and reports (e. g. Osborn et al. , 2011; The Royal Society & The Royal Academy of Engineering Report (2012); Jackson et al. , 2013; King and King, 2013). Marine and Petroleum geology, Oil and gas wells and their integrity: implication for shales and unconventional resource exploration, published on March, 25 th, 2014, Richard J. Daviesa, Sam Almonda, Robert S. Wardb, Robert B. Jacksonc, d, Charlotte Adamsa, Fred Worralla, Liam G. Herringshawa, Jon G. Gluyasa, Mark A. Whiteheade

Terminologie Terme EN Nat. Concordant FR Nat. Commentaire shale oil n. huile de schiste n. f. 1 hydraulic fracturing technique n. technique de fracturation hydraulique n. f. 1 groundwater n. nappe phréatique n. f. 1 hydrocarbon n. hydrocarbure n. m. 1 borehole n. trou de sonde n. m. 3 drill v. forer v. 2 well n. puits n. m. subsurface n. sous-sol n. m. syn. EN wellbore Source 2 1

Sources pour l’exposé: https: //www. futura-sciences. com/sciences/definitions/chimie-petrole-9749/ https: //www. larousse. fr/dictionnaires/francais/pétrole/60015? q=p%c 3%a 9 trole#59641 http: //sigessn. brgm. fr/spip. php? article 257 https: //www. larousse. fr/dictionnaires/francais/extraction/32440 Lien vers le texte source https: //core. ac. uk/download/pdf/151160838. pdf Sources terminologiques https: //www. diplomatie. gouv. fr/IMG/pdf/carnetscaps 17 cb_cle 0272 a 5. pdf (1) https: //www. ecologique-solidaire. gouv. fr/ressources-en-hydrocarbures-france (2) http: //www. pyrenees-atlantiques. gouv. fr/index. php/content/download/27726/179588/file/ilovepdf_com-101 -250 -compresse. pdf (3) Petit plus: www. culture. gouv. fr › version › file › vocabulaire_2015_petrole_enligne

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