lcome to the world of urnalism where porters

lcome to the world of urnalism, where porters have been gging dirt, raking muck, king headlines and adlines for centuries w. It’s a history full of bloid trash, of slimy nsationalists, of runkards, deadbeats and mmers” (as a Harvard iversity president once scribed reporters). But it’s a history full of roes, too: men and men risking their lives tell stories of war and agedy, risking prisonment to defend ee speech. And as you n see here, reports have come beloved characters p culture, too, turning up movies, comics and TV ows as if guided by an cult Mc. Graw-Hill hand. Every culture seeks constantly evolving, dramatically. The typi effective ways to spread reflecting and shaping its newspaper of 1800 wa new information and gossip. culture. undisciplined mishma In ancient times, news was Others see it as an legislative proceeding written on clay tablets. In inspiring quest for free long-winded essays a Caesar’s age, Romans read speech, an endless power secondhand gossip. B newsletters compiled by struggle between Authority 1900, a new breed of correspondents and (trying to control tor had emerged. Jour handwritten by slaves. information) and the People had become big busin Wandering minstrels spread (trying to learn the truth). Reporting was becom news (and the plague) in the Which brings to mind the disciplined craft. And Middle Ages. Them. Tim came. Harrower words of A. J. Liefling: newspapers were bec ink on paper. Voices on “Freedom of the press is more entertaining and airwaves. Newsreels, Web guaranteed only to htose essential than ever, w sites, And 24 -hour cable who own one. ” most of the features w news networks. In the pages ahead, we’ll expect today: Snappy Thus when scholars take a quick tour of 600 headlines, Ads, Comic analyze the rich history of years of journalism history, Sports pages. And an journalism, some view it in from hieroglyphics to “inverted pyramid” sty terms of technological hypertext: the media, the writing that made stori progress—for example, the message and the politics. tighter and newsier. dramatic impact of bigger, Technical advances and Radio and television faster printing presses. brilliant ideas forged a new brought an end to Others see journalism as a style of journalism. It was a newspapers’ media specialized form literary century of change, and monopoly. Why? Well expression, one that’s did yo © 2010 The newspapers Mc. Graw-Hillchanged Companies, Inc. yourself: All rights. Which reserved. Inside Reporting 1 The story of journalism

Slide 2 The story of journalism Newsroom heroes, legends and folklore� The birth of journalism� News in the 19 th century� News in the modern age� Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 3 Newsroom heroes, legends and folklore Reporters making headlines, deadlines § A history of: • Tabloid trash • Slimy sensationalists • “Drunkards, deadbeats and bummers” Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 4 Newsroom heroes, legends and folklore A history of heroes § Reporters risk lives to tell stories • War and tragedy • Defend free speech Mc. Graw-Hill Reporters are part of pop culture • Movies • Comics • TV shows © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 5 Newsroom heroes, legends and folklore 5 Legendary journalists • Mark Twain (1835 -1910) • Humorist and novelist • Nellie Bly (1864 -1922) • “Best reporter in America” in late 1800 s • H. L. Mencken (1880 -1956) • Timeless, biting, quotable social commentary Mc. Graw-Hill (continued) © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 6 Newsroom heroes, legends and folklore 5 Legendary journalists • Ernest Hemingway (1899 - 1961) • Legendary American novelist • Started as reporter • Hunter S. Thompson (19372005) • “Gonzo” journalism • Dangerous, wrong and entertaining Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 7 Newsroom heroes, legends and folklore 5 Myths about reporters §Female reporters are gutsy, idealistic, beautiful and single. • Male reporters are surly, cynical loners. §Reporters Mc. Graw-Hill routinely solve mysteries. ambush, dodge, shout. drink at their desks. have a liberal bias. © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 8 Newsroom heroes, legends and folklore 5 Inspirational books § All the President’s Men – Bernstein and Woodward § The Elements of Style – Strunk and White § Writing for Story – Franklin § The Corpse Had a Familiar Face – Buchanan § Inside Reporting – Harrower Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 9 Newsroom heroes, legends and folklore 5 Fictional newsroom characters § Clark Kent § Brenda Starr • Daily Planet reporter and Superman § Lois Lane § Jimmy • Ace reporter and Superman’s girlfriend § Lou Grant • Surly, burly, gruffbut-lovable Mc. Graw-Hill • 1940 s strong female comic hero • Fabricated character that helped Janet Cooke win Pulitzer Prize in 1980 s © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 10 Newsroom heroes, legends and folklore 5 Classic movies Citizen Kane His Girl Friday Broadcast News Good Night, and Good Luck § All the President’s Men § § Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 11 The birth of journalism Every culture seeks ways to spread the news • Ancient clay tablets • Roman newsletters • Wandering minstrels Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 12 The birth of journalism Different views of history § Technological progress § Quest for free speech • Impact of bigger, faster presses. § Specialized form of literary expression • Struggle between Authority and the People. • Constantly evolving, reflecting and shaping. Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 13 The birth of journalism The rise and fall of America’s first newspaper § Publick Occurrences Both Foreign and Domestick • Benjamin Harris • 1690 • Boston Mc. Graw-Hill • 4 pages • One page blank • Closed after 1 st issue © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 14 The birth of journalism The Zenger trial & freedom of the press § 1734 – New York Weekly Journal • Accusations of official corruption § Libel only occurs when printed words are “false, malicious and seditious” Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 15 The birth of journalism The first newspaper cartoon § Ben Franklin ran editorial cartoon in his Pennsylvania Gazette. • Became symbol of colonies fight for independence Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 16 The birth of journalism Patriotism, propaganda & the Revolutionary War § The Massachusetts Spy – 1770 • Published by Isaiah Thomas • Influential voice in call for independence • Account of Battle of Lexington mix of reporting and propaganda Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 17 News in the 19 th century Reporting becomes disciplined craft § Emergence of penny press • Marketed to masses • New York Sun – 1833 § Innovations in printing § Rise of modern newsroom Mc. Graw-Hill Bennett crafts new style of journalism • New York Herald – 1835 • Biggest in world by midcentury © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 18 News in the 19 th century The Penny Press: Media Marketed for the Masses Ordinary Newspapers The Penny Press 6 cents; delivery by mail 1 cent; buy from paperboy Political commentary, trade statistics, poetry, letters, gossip Local news, crime coverage, humaninterest stories, features News from documents News from reporters Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 19 News in the 19 th century The Penny Press… Ordinary Newspapers The Penny Press Old, stale news Breaking stories Promote one party Independent of parties Funded by politics or subscribers Funded by street sales and advertising Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 20 News in the 19 th century Yellow journalism’s golden age § Loud headlines § Sunday supplements § Sensational stories • Comics and on sin and sex features § Lavish use of § Rumors disguised pictures as news • Often faked • Led to war with Spain Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 21 News in the 19 th century Yellow journalism § Horace Greely • Liberal, crusading social reformer § Henry Raymond • NY Times § Joseph Pulitzer • The World § William Randolph Hearst • New York Journal Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 22 News in the modern age Pulitzer spreads crusading influence § The World § Funded one of 1 st schools of journalism • Transcended yellow journalism • Columbia University • Launched crusades § Established Pulitzer against corruption in government, business Prizes • Encourage journalistic excellence Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 23 News in the modern age Radio, TV bring end to newspaper’s media monopoly § Competition too appealing • Radio had sound and music • Movie newsreels added faces to voices • By 1950, television • Now, Internet Mc. Graw-Hill Newspapers respond • Tighter writing • Better formatting • Improved design • Corporate consolidation © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 24 News in the modern age Radio, TV and the Newspaper § Radio rules airwaves § Television news comes of age • 1927 – 30 million listen to Lindberg’s homecoming • 1 st 24 -hour news coverage Mc. Graw-Hill • 1963 – Kennedy assassination © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 25 News in the modern age Radio, TV and the Newspaper Meanwhile, back at the newspaper… § No longer Americans’ first, or favorite, source of news § More facts; less sensationalism § Inverted pyramid § More readable Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Slide 26 News in the modern age Whom do YOU believe when you hear conflicting versions of a news story? üLocal TV news üRadio news üLocal newspaper üWeb site üNational TV news Mc. Graw-Hill © 2010 The Mc. Graw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.