LATIN CASES CASES A case is the term

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LATIN CASES

LATIN CASES

CASES § A case is the term that defines how a noun, adjective, or

CASES § A case is the term that defines how a noun, adjective, or pronoun is used in a sentence. § In English, case is defined mainly through position in the sentence (syntax). § In Latin the cases are identified by the ending changes to the words themselves.

NOMINATIVE CASE § The nominative case is the subject case. § Subjects do the

NOMINATIVE CASE § The nominative case is the subject case. § Subjects do the action of verbs. § Ex. : Puella currit in agro. § Subjects are also used with forms of the verb “to be, ” esse. § Ex. Puella est benigna.

VOCATIVE CASE § Vocative is the case of direct address. § Ex. Puella, salve.

VOCATIVE CASE § Vocative is the case of direct address. § Ex. Puella, salve. § This case often looks just like the nominative.

ACCUSATIVE CASE § Accusative case is primarily the direct object. § Ex. Puer non

ACCUSATIVE CASE § Accusative case is primarily the direct object. § Ex. Puer non amat puellam. § Accusative case also follows some prepositions. § Ex. Puer ambulat ad puellam.

GENITIVE CASE § This is the case of possession. § In English, we use

GENITIVE CASE § This is the case of possession. § In English, we use an “s” or the word “of” to show possession. § Ex. Canis puellae in silva ambulat.

DATIVE CASE § Dative case can show possession. § Dative case also functions as

DATIVE CASE § Dative case can show possession. § Dative case also functions as the case of indirect object. § Ex. Puer donum donat puellae.

ABLATIVE CASE § There about twenty uses of ablative in Latin. § Ablative is

ABLATIVE CASE § There about twenty uses of ablative in Latin. § Ablative is primarily a case of prepositions. § Ex. Puer in silva ambulat cum puella. § Although the puella above looks the same as that in the nominative and vocative cases, it is different in pronunciation: the “a” in puella, in the ablative, is pronounced as a long “a”.

ABLATIVE CONT. § In Latin, the prepositions are not always stated; they are often

ABLATIVE CONT. § In Latin, the prepositions are not always stated; they are often implied by the use of ablative case. § Puella ad scholam ducta, illa verba discebat.

CONCLUSION § A knowledge of the meanings and uses of cases is essential to

CONCLUSION § A knowledge of the meanings and uses of cases is essential to progressing in Latin. § There are six cases, each of which uses a different ending to suggest a different use in the sentence. § Each word will have, normally, a total of twelve different endings (six cases plural and singular. ) § As you learn your cases, the ending changes on nouns will start to make sense and help you

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