Latin American Revolutions Between 1790 and 1825 nearly

Latin American Revolutions • Between 1790 and 1825 nearly all of the colonial areas of Latin America fight for and win their independence from their European colonial parent countries

Causes for Latin American Wars for Independence • Colonial social class system based on race caused resentment • Mercantilist policies by the parent countries in Europe angered the colonists • Enlightenment ideas and the American and French Revolutions influenced Latin American revolutions • Napoleon’s wars unseat the monarchs of Spain and Portugal

Haiti • In 1791, 100, 000 • L’Ouverture was enslaved Africans rose captured by the French up against their masters and imprisoned on the island of • the colony (Haiti) Hispaniola (Haiti and became free by 1804 the Dominican Republic) • Toussaint L’Ouverture, a former slave led the rebellion and took control of the island

Mexico • Father Hidalgo led the first uprising against Spain in Mexico • Grito de Dolores, a famous speech by the priest rallied the poor peasants to rebellion • Hidalgo was caught and executed by Spain

Mexico • Father Morelos took up the fight against Spain next after Hidalgo • Father Morelos was captured and killed • Finally, Iturbide, who had helped defeat Morelos for Spain declared Mexico’s independence in 1821

Brazil • The creoles refused to • In 1807, Napoleon accept their colonial invaded Portugal and King status and petitioned John (Port) fled to his Dom Pedro, the king’s colony Brazil son to declare Brazil’s • There, King John ruled his independence Portuguese empire for • He did just that in 1822 many years • When Napoleon was defeated the king returned to Portugal and declared Brazil a colony once again

South America • Simon Bolivar, a native of Venezuela, declared independence from Spain in 1811 • Bolivar fought the Spanish with his volunteer army for the next 10 years • Victory came when Bolivar’s troops met Jose de San Martin in 1821

South America • Jose de San Martin, of Argentina, fought the Spanish in southern South America (Argentina, Chile) • De San Martin left his troops for Bolivar to command the Spanish lost their final battle to them in Ayacucho (Peru)