Latin America Argentina Mexico To come Brasil Chile

Latin America - Argentina - Mexico To come - Brasil, Chile, Peru, El Salvador

Basic Facts • Mexico – Population: 110 million – GNI per capita (PPP): $12, 000 – Growth in 1995 -2005: 3. 7% • 1995 – 2000: 5. 6% • 2000 – 2005: 1. 8% • Argentina – Population: 40 million – GNI per capita (PPP): $11, 670 – Growth in the 1995 -2005: 2. 1% • 1999 - 2002: - 5%

“Que dicen los pobres” • • • Voices of the poor, in Mexico 3, 000 “poor” people (adults) were interviewed They were asked to name and rank the most important aspects of deprivation and the said: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Income Access of drinking water Education Health Nutrition Shelter

Datasets • Mexico: ENIGH (Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y gastos de los Hogares). Nationally representative. Years: 1994, 2000, 2006. • Argentina: EPH (Encuesta Permanente de Hogares). Urban, 60% total population. Years: 1995, 2000, 2003 • Unit of Analysis: Individuals – Households • Poverty measures regularly used: – Poverty Line (Food, Capabilities, Patrimony): Hincome – Unsatisfied Basic Needs: H

Selected Indicators & Deprivation Cutoffs Indicator Deprivation Cutoff INCOME Food Poverty Line: aprox US$ 2 a day RUNNING WATER Not having tap water in the dwelling SCHOOLING OF HH Head of the household with 4 or less years of schooling CHILD IN SCHOOL At least one child (6 -16) not attending school SHELTER SANITATION Argentina: wall material – mud, cardboard, metal Mexico: unfinished floor Not having flush toilet or pit latrine. (MDG).

RESULTS - Argentina and Mexico

ARGENTINA Incidence of deprivations Years weighting schemes equal ranking weight' weights' Indicator 1995 2000 2003 Income: Food poverty 0. 104 0. 136 0. 338 1 2. 4 Running water 0. 025 0. 015 0. 009 1 1. 8 Child in school 0. 032 0. 016 0. 014 1 0. 6 Schooling of HH 0. 159 0. 158 0. 131 1 0. 6 Sanitation 0. 113 0. 086 0. 067 1 0. 3 Shelter 0. 023 0. 019 0. 020 1 0. 3 Total population 17, 587, 316 21, 315, 256 21, 734, 414 6 6

ARGENTINA H and Mo for different k values - Ranking weights k Deprivation headcount (H) M 0 1995 2000 2003 1 0. 125 0. 146 0. 343 0. 037 0. 040 0. 081 2 0. 119 0. 142 0. 341 0. 035 0. 038 0. 081 3 0. 035 0. 044 0. 086 0. 016 0. 018 0. 032 4 0. 009 0. 008 0. 007 0. 005 0. 004 0. 003 5 0. 002 0. 001 6 0. 000 0. 104 0. 136 0. 338 Income Poverty Headcount Source: Own estimates from EPH 1995, 2000 and 2003

ARGENTINA Contribution of each indicator to M 0 when k=3 and ‘ranking’ weight M 0=0. 016 M 0=0. 018 M 0=0. 032

ARGENTINA H and Mo for different k values – ‘equal weight’ k Deprivation headcount (H) M 0 1995 2000 2003 1 0. 338 0. 323 0. 430 0. 076 0. 072 0. 097 2 0. 090 0. 083 0. 127 0. 035 0. 032 0. 046 3 0. 022 0. 020 0. 012 0. 011 4 0. 005 0. 003 0. 004 0. 002 5 0. 001 0. 000 6 0. 000 0. 104 0. 136 0. 338 Income Poverty Headcount Source: Own estimates from EPH 1995, 2000 and 2003

ARGENTINA Contribution of each indicator to M 0 when k=2 and ‘equal’ weight M 0=0. 035 M 0=0. 032 M 0=0. 046

MEXICO Incidence of deprivations Years Equal weight Ranking weight 1 2. 4 Indicator 1995 2000 2003 Income: food poverty . 158 . 185 . 106 Income: capability . 229 . 252 . 161 Running water . 166 . 089 . 096 1 1. 8 Child in school . 126 . 087 . 067 1 0. 6 Schooling of HH . 447 . 373 . 302 1 0. 6 Sanitation . 251 . 263 . 097 1 0. 3 Unfinished floor . 134 . 096 . 070 1 0. 3 19, 692, 850 23, 667, 479 26, 541, 327 Total households

MEXICO H and Mo for different k values – Ranking weight Deprivation headcount (H) M 0 k 1994 2000 2006 1 0. 307 0. 257 0. 202 0. 161 0. 128 0. 080 2 0. 244 0. 223 0. 153 0. 136 0. 114 0. 065 3 0. 170 0. 159 0. 085 0. 110 0. 096 0. 044 4 0. 073 0. 053 0. 027 0. 057 0. 040 0. 018 5 0. 055 0. 037 0. 014 0. 046 0. 030 0. 011 6 0. 012 0. 006 0. 001 0. 158 0. 185 0. 106 Income Poverty Headcount Source: Own estimates from ENIGH 1994, 2000 and 2006

MEXICO Contribution of each indicator to M 0 when k=2 and ranking weight M 0=0. 041 M 0=0. 036 M 0=0. 048

MEXICO H and Mo for different k values – ‘equal weight’ k Deprivation headcount (H) M 0 1994 2000 2006 1 0. 543 0. 478 0. 411 0. 209 0. 175 0. 120 2 0. 260 0. 205 0. 141 0. 150 0. 116 0. 068 3 0. 182 0. 147 0. 071 0. 121 0. 094 0. 043 4 0. 081 0. 053 0. 020 0. 065 0. 041 0. 015 5 0. 019 0. 010 0. 003 0. 017 0. 009 0. 002 6 0. 012 0. 006 0. 001 0. 158 0. 185 0. 106 Income Poverty Headcount Source: Own estimates from ENIGH 1994, 2000 and 2006

MEXICO Contribution of each indicator to M 0 when k=2 and ‘equal’ weight M 0=0. 041 M 0=0. 036 M 0=0. 048