Laser Inertial Fusion Energy Presentation to Fusion Power

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Laser Inertial Fusion Energy Presentation to Fusion Power Associates, Washington DC, December 2010 Mike

Laser Inertial Fusion Energy Presentation to Fusion Power Associates, Washington DC, December 2010 Mike Dunne LLNL in partnership with LANL, GA, LLE, U Wisc, U Illinois, UCSD, PPPL, NPS, SRNL

Experience with NIF, and evidence from the ignition campaign, are being used to define

Experience with NIF, and evidence from the ignition campaign, are being used to define a path for LIFE NIF-0910 -20050. ppt Moses - Path to Inertial Fusion, S. Korea - October 14, 2010 2

The design is being driven by the end-user requirement Plant Primary Criteria (partial list)

The design is being driven by the end-user requirement Plant Primary Criteria (partial list) Cost of electricity Rate and cost of build Licensing simplicity Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, Inspectability (RAMI) High capacity credit & capacity load factor Predictable shutdown and quick restart Protection of capital investment Meet urban environmental and safety standards (minimize grid impact) Public acceptability Timely delivery This can drive a very different design solution and delivery path to conventional approaches based on technical performance alone 3 3

Modeling of US grid shows early market entry is key to the impact of

Modeling of US grid shows early market entry is key to the impact of fusion energy

Modeling of US grid shows early market entry is key to the impact of

Modeling of US grid shows early market entry is key to the impact of fusion energy Present value of avoided carbon $160 B to $260 B assuming $100 MT CO 2 NIF-0710 -19593 s 2. ppt 5

An integrated, self-consistent plant design for LIFE has been developed to meet the Primary

An integrated, self-consistent plant design for LIFE has been developed to meet the Primary Criteria • Modular • Factory built units • RAMI • Vendor readiness • Impact on cost • Obviate need for advanced materials 2 Annular Laser Bays Power Conversion Building Tritium Plant Engine Maintenance Building 120 m

A new approach is required to meet the Primary Criteria set for robust power

A new approach is required to meet the Primary Criteria set for robust power production 7

LIFE laser design has been developed to balance commercial and technical requirements Capital Cost

LIFE laser design has been developed to balance commercial and technical requirements Capital Cost Diode vendors now quoting 2 -3¢/W Supply chain Competitive market, multiple end-users Time to market Conventional glass technology Reliability 3 w fluence = 1/3 NIF Availability Hot-swap beam box (~10 m long) Maintainability Factory build and repair Performance specification Set by NIF demonstrations SF 4 mirror Diodes Spatial Filter Relay Amp quartz rotator NIF-1110 -20395. ppt 0. 9 J 6. 3 k. J 1 w 25 x 25 cm 2 13 J/cm 2 1 w 3 J/cm 2 3 w polarizer l/4 plate Relay Pockels cell 8

1. 35 m The point design uses a modular laser system, removing the need

1. 35 m The point design uses a modular laser system, removing the need for a NIF-style switchyard 10. 5 m 2. 2 m NIF-1110 -20395. ppt 9

The design achieves high performance at 3 x lower fluence than NIF (3 w),

The design achieves high performance at 3 x lower fluence than NIF (3 w), and meets economic goals Tripler output 90 m 150 m LIFE 1 w beam Box • • Efficient and cost effective supply chain Offsite beamline factory Truck-shippable 1 w beamline Low-overhead installation — Kinematic placement — Minimal interfaces NIF-1110 -20395. ppt 3 w = 4. 3 k. J Contrast ~ 4. 5% Peak, Ref ~ 1. 31 Output Farfield 1

Modular design enables very high plant availability by decoupling the laser reliability 2 hr

Modular design enables very high plant availability by decoupling the laser reliability 2 hr TTR 4 hr TTR 8 hr TTR • Commercial solid state laser systems ~ 10, 000 hrs • Modular design allows realistic performance goals for a high power system NIF-1110 -20395. ppt 11

The LIFE “chamber” is a network of horizontal tubes, protected by Xenon gas. It

The LIFE “chamber” is a network of horizontal tubes, protected by Xenon gas. It is modular and NIF scale. • Modular design. Truckshippable, factory-built • Wall survival ≥ 4 years — Ions stopped in ~10 cm gas — X-ray heating mitigated (to ~800 C first wall) — Conventional steel for LIFE. 1 • Very low Tritium content — 10’s g in the engine — 100’s g in the separation and storage systems • Very low clearing ratio (~1%) NIF-1110 -20395. ppt 12

The chamber system can be transported as a single unit for maintenance Fusion chamber

The chamber system can be transported as a single unit for maintenance Fusion chamber Vacuum chamber NIF-1110 -20395. ppt 13

The chamber system can be transported as a single unit for maintenance Transport of

The chamber system can be transported as a single unit for maintenance Transport of ~700 MT unit (cask not shown) to the hot cell NIF-1110 -20395. ppt 14

The chamber system can be transported as a single unit for maintenance New system

The chamber system can be transported as a single unit for maintenance New system installed, allowing remote maintenance / disassembly of the old unit during operations NIF-1110 -20395. ppt 15

… because chamber modularity results in high plant availability Calculated wall lifetime (LIFE. 2)

… because chamber modularity results in high plant availability Calculated wall lifetime (LIFE. 2) NIF-1110 -20395. ppt 16

The design has been optimized using an integrated technology and economics model 17

The design has been optimized using an integrated technology and economics model 17

Cost of Electricity less than coal for CO 2 > $40/MT, and less than

Cost of Electricity less than coal for CO 2 > $40/MT, and less than gas for > $90/MT. Could be 50% better. Nicholson et al, Energy (2010) 250 Levelized COE ($ / MWh) Coal w/o CCS 200 mal solar ther IGCC w/o CCS CCGT w/o CCS Nuclear FOAK l coa 150 Nuclear NOAK gas Solar Thermal 100 LIFE 50 0 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 Cost of Carbon ($ / MT-CO 2 eq) 18

Outline delivery schedule, consistent with NIF experience and likely licensing timescales – meets the

Outline delivery schedule, consistent with NIF experience and likely licensing timescales – meets the Primary Criteria Facility design is based on a 334 -element WBS, split into 50 cost centers 19

Development path (~500 MWth) NIF-1110 -20395. ppt Dunne - Presentation to TOFE, November, 2010

Development path (~500 MWth) NIF-1110 -20395. ppt Dunne - Presentation to TOFE, November, 2010 20

Final thoughts • Consideration of end-user requirements must drive IFE development • Technologically, IFE

Final thoughts • Consideration of end-user requirements must drive IFE development • Technologically, IFE success will depend on our ability to integrate interdependent sub-systems • Future development must be tackled as part of a facility delivery project • LIFE provides a solution consistent with 2030’s commercial delivery: — Designed to meet the Utilities’ Primary Criteria — NIF provides the at-scale physics evidence — LRU approach protects capital investment, and enables high availability — Licensing approval managed as an integral part of the process • Public/private delivery partnership, and nation-wide focused effort is essential 21