LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS MEGAREGIONAL BEST PRACTICES for LME

LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS: MEGAREGIONAL BEST PRACTICES for LME ASSESSMENT and MANAGEMENT Workshop convened at GEF – IWC 8 Negombo, Sri Lanka May 9, 2016 Kenneth Sherman, NOAA LME Program Andrew Hudson, UNDP Water and Ocean Governance Programme 1

Large Marine Ecosystems are Naturally Formed Coastal Ocean Management Areas 2

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80% OF THE WORLD’S FISHERIES CATCHES ARE PRODUCED IN 66 LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS 4

5 Courtesy of Villy Christensen, UBC, Fisheries Centre

ESTIMATED SOCIOECONOMIC VALUE OF LMEs Goods and Services Contribute $12. 6 Trillion Annually to the Global Economy Costanza et al. , NATURE, Vol. 287/ 15 May 1997 6

5 MODULES WITH INDICATORS 7

Ecosystem Based Management of LMEs Supported by Agreed Upon Coastal Ocean Goals of 3 UN Environmental Summits • 1992 Rio “Prevent, reduce, and control degradation of the marine environment so as to maintain and improve its life support and productive capacities” • 2002 Johannesburg “Encourage the application by 2010 of the ecosystem approach” • 2012 Rio +20 “We therefore commit to protect and restore the health, productivity, and resilience of oceans and marine ecosystems…. ” 8

GEF – LME Project Pathway to Science Supported United Nations’ EBM Practice Requires Innovative Fusion Between Natural Science (Productivity, Fish & Fisheries, Pollution & Ecosystem Health) metrics and Social Science (Socioeconomics, Governance) metrics Integrated with the GEF Supported TDA – SAP Project Implementation Process 9

Fusion Between LME Theory and LME - Assessment and Management 5 Modules Productivity Fish & Fisheries Pollution & Ecosystem Health Socioeconomic Governance Integrated via TDA SAP Practice Process The 15 Fastest Warming LMEs (19822006 TO EBM Practice 10

LMEs are Global Centers of Effort to Introduce Ecosystem Based Management (EBM) Practices in Support of Sustaining Coastal Ocean Goods and Services 11

GLOBAL MEGAREGIONAL LME NETWORKS ARCTIC NORTH AMERICA EUROPE SOUTH AMERICA ASIA AFRICA ANTARCTIC 12

MEGAREGIONAL LME NETWORK ARCTIC LMEs Arctic Council Actions and LMEs Reference Document PAME May 2013 & LME Volumes/Journals ICES Faroe Plateau LME Iceland Shelf and Sea LME Greenland Sea LME Norwegian Sea LME Barents Sea LME Kara Sea LME Laptev Sea LME East Siberian Sea LME East Bering Sea LME Aleutian Islands LME West Bering Sea LME Northern Bering-Chukchi Seas LME Central Arctic Ocean LME Beaufort Sea LME Hudson Bay Complex LME Newfoundland-Labrador Shelf LME Canadian High Arctic-North LME Greenland LME 13

NORTH AMERICAN LMEs United States – EBM-NOP, ICES/PICES, LME Volumes/Journals Northeast US Continental Shelf LME Southeast US Continental Shelf LME Gulf of Mexico LME California Current LME Gulf of Alaska LME East Bering Sea LME Aleutian Islands LME Northern Bering-Chukchi Seas LME Beaufort Sea LME West Bering Sea LME Caribbean Sea LME Insular Pacific-Hawaiian LME 14

NORTH AMERICAN LMEs (cont. ) Canada - Arctic Council and LME Volumes, NAFO-ICES, PICES Scotian Shelf LME Newfoundland-Labrador Shelf LME Hudson Bay Complex LME Canadian High Arctic-North Greenland LME Canadian Eastern Arctic-West Greenland LME Beaufort Sea LME Gulf of Alaska LME 15

EUROPEAN LMEs LME Volumes/Journals, ICES-HELCOM North Sea LME Celtic-Biscay Shelf LME Iberian Coastal LME (GEF) Baltic Sea LME (GEF) Black Sea LME Norwegian Sea LME Barents Sea LME 16

LATIN AMERICAN LMEs Latin American LMEs - LME Volumes/Journals (GEF) Gulf of Mexico LME (GEF) Caribbean Sea LME (MOU) (GEF) North Brazil Shelf LME East Brazil Shelf LME South Brazil Shelf LME Patagonian Shelf LME (GEF) Humboldt Current LME Pacific Central-American LME Gulf of California LME 17

AFRICAN LMEs African LMEs - Volumes/Journals, BCLME Commission, RFOs, African Caucus (GEF) Canary Current LME (GEF) Guinea Current LME (GEF) Benguela Current LME (GEF) Somali Coastal Current LME (GEF) Agulhas Current LME (GEF) Red Sea LME (GEF) Mediterranean Sea LME 18

ASIAN LMEs Asian LME - LME Volumes/Journals, PICES, NOWPAP, RFOs (GEF) Yellow Sea LME East China Sea LME (GEF) South China Sea LME (GEF) Indonesian Sea LME (GEF) Sulu Celebes Sea LME (GEF) Bay of Bengal LME (GEF) Gulf of Thailand LME North Australian Shelf LME Northeast Australian Shelf LME West-Central Australian Shelf LME 19

ASIAN LMEs (cont. ) Asian LME - LME Volumes/Journals, PICES, NOWPAP, RFOs Northwest Australian Shelf LME East-Central Australian Shelf LME Southeast Australian Shelf LME Southwest Australian Shelf LME Northwest Australian Shelf LME New Zealand Shelf LME Kuroshio Current LME Oyashio Current LME Sea of Japan/East Sea LME Okhotsk Sea LME Arabian Sea LME 20

ANTARCTIC LME Initial Commission for Ecosystem Based Management of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) Meet regularly to assess changing ecological conditions affecting living marine resources from an ecosystem perspective 21

From Theory to Practice GEF Financial Support For Planning & Implementing EBM Goals in LMEs 1995 -2014 $3. 15 billion 2014 -2018 $2. 86 billion Total EBM/LME support to developing countries $6. 01 billion 22

22 LMEs with GEF-Supported EBM Projects since 1994 23

“Today the LME approach is the cornerstone of the GEF strategy for ocean and coastal conservation, and the GEF is the leading global funding source for transboundary water systems. ” From Coast to Coast: Celebrating 20 Years of Transboundary Management of Our Shared Oceans, Chapter 1 Sustaining the World’s Large Marine Ecosystems (2015). GEF, Washington, DC. 178 p. ISBN 978 -92 -808 -6068 -9. 24