Large cells cannot transport nutrients across membrane A

• Large cells cannot transport nutrients across membrane • A group of smaller cells has a larger surface area than a single cell with the same volume. . .

Remember, cells must use diffusion and osmosis to obtain important nutrients, like oxygen and glucose

Cell Division - process by which a cell splits into two identical daughter cells Occurs in two main phase: Interphase – cell copies DNA and prepares for division Mitosis – chromosomes separate into two new cells

What are chromosomes? • DNA containing cell’s genetic code • Each chromosome has a matching pair (homologous) • During interphase, each chromosome copies itself

Life Cycle of the Cell • Mitosis = nuclear division • Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis (cell division) • The steps of mitosis ensure that each new cell has the exact same number of chromosomes as the original • Interphase = growth phase, differentiation occurs

The Cell Cycle Interphase (longest phase) G 1 - first growth (gap) phase Synthesis - DNA makes a copy G 2 - second growth (gap) phase, preparing for mitosis Mitosis - nucleus divides, ensuring each new cell has the exact number of chromosomes as parent

• Interphase • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase • IPMAT

1. chromosomes visible (chromatids) 2. centrioles migrate to the poles 3. nuclear membrane disappears 4. nucleolus disappears 5. spindle forms

1. chromosomes line up on the equator, spindle attaches

1. chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

1. chromosomes disappear • chromatin 2. nuclear membrane reforms 3. nucleoli reappears 4. spindle disappears 5. centrioles duplicate

- division of the cytoplasm to form 2 new daughter cells - organelles are divided - daughter cells are genetically identical Cells return to interphase

1. Name the phases starting at the top.

1. Name the phase 2. Identify X 3. Identify Y

5. Name the phase

6. Name the phase