LANGUAGE There are over 850 languages spoken in
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LANGUAGE
There are over 850 languages spoken in Papua New Guinea
There are 780 languages spoken in India today
Where is English Distributed? � Look at English as a case study of how language is diffused �(2) English is spoken by ½ billion people (2 nd behind Mandarin Chinese). Nearly all Chinese speakers in China but English speakers distributed across the globe �English = official language of 42 countries, more than any other language
English Diffusion � Diffusion of English is a result of migration/colonization/imperialism. Every time the English colonized a place, they made English the official language. Modern day English speaking countries is a map of colonialism: �To N. America – 17 th C �Ireland 17 th C �S. Asia mid 18 th C �S Pacific late 18 th C �S. Africa late 19 th C
Global Dominance of English � Globalization produces a need for a common language of communication. Today that language is English. � Lingua Franca: when people of different languages need to communicate quickly and efficiently they use a lingua franca…a language of international communication. (ex: Russian was the lingua franca of USSR)
English = Global Lingua Franca � Polish airline pilot flying over France speaks English to air traffic control � English = official language in many factories and businesses around the globe � Most info on WWW = in English � Language of pop culture = English � Among EU countries, 83% of high scholars speak English
English = Lingua Franca � Japanese schools require 6 yrs of English and Japanese government has considered making Eng an official 2 nd language � Universities around the globe that teach in English are often most competitive because students feel it’s necessary to enter global economy
� Modern English is very difficult to learn for non-native speakers because of odd spellings, unusual grammar rules, lots of exceptions to the rule (Eng is hodge podge of Celts, Welsh, Normans, Vikings, mixed with Romance languages, etc. )