LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY Anatomical Terms Directional Terms Regional

LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY Anatomical Terms, Directional Terms, Regional Terms, Body Planes, and Body Cavities

Anatomical Position Always assume body is in anatomical position to accurately describe body parts and position Body is erect Feet parallel, shoulder width apart Palms to the side facing forward

Directional Terms Explains where one body structure is in relation to another

Superior (Cranial, Cephalad) & Inferior (Caudal) Superior Toward the head or upper part of a structure of the body, above Ex: The forehead is superior to the nose Inferior Away from head end or toward lower part of body, below Ex: The navel is inferior to the breastbone

Anterior (Ventral) & Posterior (Dorsal) Anterior Toward the front of the body Ex: The breastbone is anterior to the spine In four legged animals, ventral refers to the belly of an animal Posterior Toward the backside, behind Ex: The heart is posterior to the breastbone

Medial & Lateral Medial Toward or at midline of body, inner side Ex: Heart is medial to arm Lateral Away from midline of body, outer side Ex: Arms are lateral to the chest

Intermediate Between a more medial and a more lateral structure Ex: Armpit is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder

Proximal & Distal Proximal Close to the origin of body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body of the trunk Ex: Elbow is proximal to wrist Distal Farther from origin of body part or point of attachment of limb to body trunk Ex: Knee is distal to thigh

Superficial & Deep Superficial Toward body surface Ex: Skin is superficial to skeleton Deep Away from body surface, more internal Ex: Lungs are deep to the ribcage

Practice The wrist is blank to the hand PROXIMAL The breastbone is blank to the spine Anterior (Ventral) The brain is blank to the spinal cord Superior The lungs are blank to the heart Lateral The fingers are blank to the thumb Distal

Anterior Body Landmarks Abdominal- anterior body trunk inferior to ribs Acromial-point of shoulder Antecubital-anterior surface of elbow Axillary-armpit Brachial-arm Buccal-cheek Carpal-wrist Cervical-neck Coxal-hip Crural-leg Digital-fingers, toes Femoral-thigh Fibular-lateral part of leg Inguinal-groin Nasal-nose Oral-mouth Orbital-eye Patellar- anterior knee Pelvic-anterior pelvis Pubic-genital region Sternal-breastbone Tarsal-ankle Thoracic-chest Umbilical-naval

Posterior Body Landmarks Cephalic-head Deltoid- curve of shoulder Gluteal-buttock Lumbar-area of back between ribs and hips Occipital-posterior side of head Popliteal-posterior knee area Sacral-area between hips Scapular-shoulder blade region Sural-calf Vertebral-area of spine

Body Landmarks Anterior Posterior

Body Planes and Sections Section-cut � Sagittal section- cut made lengthwise, dividing body into right and left parts. If its exactly in the middle it’s called a midsaggital section � Frontal/ coronal section- cut made that divides body into anterior and posterior � Transverse/cross section-cut made along horizontal plane, divides body into superior and inferior parts Plane-imaginary line that a section is made through

Body Sections and Planes

Body Cavities Dorsal Cranial Cavity Ventral Spinal Cavity Thoracic cavity- seperated from the rest by diaphragm Abdominopelvic- can be further divided into abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity � Abdomial cavity can be divided into nine more regions: 1. Umbilical region- center rmost 2. epigastric region- superior to umbilical region 3. Hypogastric region- inferior to umbilical region 4. Right and Left Iliac/inguinal regions -lateral to hypogastric region 5. Right and left lumbar regionslateral to umbillical region 6. Right and left hypochondriac region- lateral to epigastric region

Body Cavities