Language Devices All To develop ideas suited to

Language Devices All: To develop ideas suited to a form of writing (WAF 1 – L 5) Most: To explain how an effect has been created (RAF 6 – L 6)

Create this table in your book Language device Example Effect on the reader Simile ‘As fast as lightning’ Compares a person/thing to something else Metaphor ‘Time is a thief. . ’ Can be a surprising comparison, could symbolise Time and Death, could shock the reader into thinking their death is coming closer every second. Pathetic fallacy ‘The tornado ran through town without a care. ’ The tornado has been made something, it’s saying that the tornado destroyed the town. Personification ‘At precisely 5: 50 am my alarm clock sprang to life. ’ Makes clear that the alarm clock went off at 5: 50 am, the alarm clock has been made something living. Alliteration ‘Apparently altruistic aliens arrive and abolish adversity’ Difficult to call out fast Onomatopoeia ‘The lion was roaring’ The word roaring really sounds like the sound that a lion makes Oxymoron ‘Liquid gass’ 2 words with opposite meanings

Simile = A simile is when you compare one thing to another using the words ‘as’ or ‘like’ The mixture is as sticky as toffee. She moves like a dancer. ‘hard and clear like an equestrian statue upon its pedestal’ ‘glimmered like a ghost’

Make up your own… • The moon glowed like a light bulb • His face was as red as a tomato • Raindrops dripped down the window pane like tiny balls • Smoke floated on the air like clouds • The air smells as fresh as just made bread

Copy this table into your books Language device Example Effect on the reader Simile ‘glimmered like a ghost’ This creates a clear comparison with a ghost which makes the reader think…

Metaphor = when one thing is compared to another • • • A shark’s restaurant A lion’s roar A quilt of blue ‘slanting rays of low sun turning the streams to threads of gold’ ‘Deathly silence’ ‘the very dead of night’

Make up your own… The dark is … The sun is… The trees are drowning

Language device Example Effect on the reader Simile ‘glimmered like a ghost’ This creates a clear comparison with a ghost which makes the reader think… Metaphor ‘To gather what you understood’ Can be a surprising comparison, could symbolise information you learnt, could shock the reader into thinking he should have gathered more information on a particular subject.

Personification = when inanimate (not moving/living) objects are given the qualities or actions of a living person or creature. • ‘The dilapidated house appeared depressed. • My computer throws a fit every time I try to use it. • Time flew and before we knew it, it was time to go home. • The popcorn leapt out of the bowl. Can you think of any? The pistol glared at me from its holster.

Language device Example Effect on the reader Simile ‘glimmered like a ghost’ This creates a clear comparison with a ghost which makes the reader think… Metaphor ‘To gather what you understood’ Can be a surprising comparison, could symbolise information you learnt, could shock the reader into thinking he should have gathered more information on a particular subject. Personification ‘The fire ran wild. ’ Helps the reader to understand something that’s more complex abstract helps the reader to empathise that the fire has become very big

Pathetic fallacy = similar to personification only applied to the nature. • Angry clouds • A cruel wind • The stars danced playfully in a moonlit sky. • The flowers waltzed in the gentle breeze. Your turn A friendly sun

Language device Example Effect on the reader Simile ‘glimmered like a ghost’ This creates a clear comparison with a ghost which makes the reader think… Metaphor ‘To gather what you understood’ Can be a surprising comparison, could symbolise information you learnt, could shock the reader into thinking he should have gathered more information on a particular subject. Personification ‘The fire ran wild. ’ Helps the reader to understand something that’s more complex abstract helps the reader to empathise that the fire has become very big Pathetic fallacy ‘strange screams of death’ Helps to reflect atmosphere / rising tension in the plot. Could foreshadow events in the story.

Alliteration = Is the repetition of consonant sounds near each other: • sweet smell of success • bigger and better • jump for joy • ‘sinking sun’ • ‘foaming the fantastic surges’ Can you think of any? Garry’s giraffe gobbled gooseberry’s greedily, getting good at grabbing goodies.

Language device Example Effect on the reader Simile ‘glimmered like a ghost’ This creates a clear comparison with a ghost which makes the reader think… Metaphor ‘To gather what you understood’ Can be a surprising comparison, could symbolise information you learnt, could shock the reader into thinking he should have gathered more information on a particular subject. Personification ‘The fire ran wild. ’ Helps the reader to understand something that’s more complex abstract helps the reader to empathise that the fire has become very big Pathetic fallacy ‘strange screams of death’ Helps to reflect atmosphere / rising tension in the plot. Could foreshadow events in the story. Alliteration ‘Nick’s nephew needed new notebooks now not never. ’ Helps to connect words together Adds emphasis Creates a sound dimension that’s

Onomatopoeia means a word that sounds like the common sound of the object it is describing. • Plop went the penny in the water. • My cola fizzed in the glass. • Splash went my friend in the stream. • The snake hissed. • The train went choo! • The birds are cawing. Can you think of any? The bird is tweeting

Language device Example Effect on the reader Simile ‘glimmered like a ghost’ This creates a clear comparison with a ghost which makes the reader think… Metaphor ‘To gather what you understood’ Can be a surprising comparison, could symbolise information you learnt, could shock the reader into thinking he should have gathered more information on a particular subject. Personification ‘The fire ran wild. ’ Helps the reader to understand something that’s more complex abstract helps the reader to empathise that the fire has become very big Pathetic fallacy ‘strange screams of death’ Helps to reflect atmosphere / rising tension in the plot. Could foreshadow events in the story. Alliteration ‘Nick’s nephew needed Helps to connect words together new notebooks now Adds emphasis not never. ’ Creates a sound dimension that’s memorable Helps to generate a mood Onomatopoeia ‘The birds are flapping Offers the reader a sound dimension which their wings rapidly’ forces them to think.

Oxymoron = words close together that have opposite meanings • We’re alone together • The living dead • It’s the same difference • She’s pretty ugly • He gave him a head butt • It was like a silent scream

Language device Example Effect on the reader Simile ‘glimmered like a ghost’ This creates a clear comparison with a ghost which makes the reader think… Metaphor ‘To gather what you understood’ Can be a surprising comparison, could symbolise information you learnt, could shock the reader into thinking he should have gathered more information on a particular subject. Pathetic fallacy ‘strange screams of death’ Helps to reflect atmosphere / rising tension in the plot. Could foreshadow events in the story. Personification ‘The fire ran wild. ’ Helps the reader to understand something that’s more complex abstract helps the reader to empathise that the fire has become very big Alliteration ‘Nick’s nephew needed new notebooks now not never. ’ Helps to connect words together Adds emphasis Creates a sound dimension that’s memorable Helps to generate a mood Onomatopoeia ‘The birds are flapping their wings rapidly’ Offers the reader a sound dimension which forces them to think. Adds impact as the reader would think about the two comparisons. Could be evocative Oxymoron ‘Original copies’ Contrasts help to create conflicts Paradoxically this shows that copies are not original at all Is ironic as the reader would think their really original