Language Development and Linguistic Diversity Kathryn Oswood Linda
- Slides: 35
Language Development and Linguistic Diversity Kathryn Oswood, Linda Jodock, Star Miller
Personal Outcome To understand how children learn language To investigate the positive and negative impacts of second-language learning To better serve students with language disorders
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Biological Foundations Language is predominantly associated with the left hemisphere of the brain. l Wernicke’s Area l l Affects comprehension in speech that is heard and text that is read. Broca’s Area l Affects the production of language through speaking or writing. Individual differences in language ability are due to genetics. Critical Periods for Language Development l Lenneberg proposed that language must be acquired before adolescence. Speed of Acquisition Relative to the Amount of Input for Language Development l Children acquire language with little intervention
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Language Acquisition Comprehension and production of language involves a variety of skills. l l l l Speech Perception Speech Production and Phonological Development Lexical Development Semantic Development Grammatical and Syntactical Development Pragmatic Development Metalinguistic Development
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Prelinguistic Development Speech Perception l Phonemes l See Table 7. 1 for vowel and consonant phonemes in English Speech Production l Babbling
Prelinguistic Development: Speech Perception and Production
Phonological Impairment
Language Development: Deafness
Semantic Development Referential Style l One-word utterances that refer to objects Expressive Style l One-word expressions of emotion, feeling, and action Vocabulary Growth l Fast Mapping l l A child understands a word in one exposure Extended Mapping l A child understands a word after multiple exposures
Semantic Development
Semantic Development
Syntactic Development Morphemes l Small units of language that convey meaning. l Unbound morphemes l l Words that can stand alone • Dog, fire, tractor Bound morphemes l Cannot stand alone • Prefixes, suffixes MLU l Mean Length of Utterance l The length of a child’s utterances calculated in morphemes. l See Figure 7. 2, page 196
Syntactic Development Stage 1 l Telegraphic Speech l “Doggie run” Stage 2 l Overregularization l “”goed” instead of “went” Stage 3 l Use of negatives l “I not eating” Stage 4 and 5 l Compound and complex sentences and passive constructions l l “The teddy and the doll are going to play. ” “You bettern’t do that. ”
Syntactic Development
Syntactic Development
Pragmatic Development The ability to understand the perspective of others contributes to the ability to communicate with others in dialogue.
Pragmatic Development
Metalinguistic Awareness Metasyntax l Discrimination of syntactically correct sentences from incorrect ones Metalexical / Metasemantic l Understanding the nature of a word Metaphonological l Awareness that words are composed of separable sounds Alphabetic Principle l Understanding that letters represent sounds
Metalinguistic Awareness
Bilingualism and Cognitive Development
Nature and Effects on Bilinguals
Social Consequences of Education
Effective Classroom Practices
Cognitive Differences in Deaf and Hearing-Normal Individuals
Connection to Learning Theory: Stages versus Continuous Development
Connection to Learning Theory: Nature versus Nurture
Connection to Learning Theory: Lasting versus Transient Lack of exposure to language of any kind, oral or sign, will negatively impact language development. Early exposure is essential.
Conclusions
Recommendations: Speech and Language Pathologist
Recommendations: ELL
Recommendations for Further Reading
References http: //www. rhsmpsychology. com/images /language_brain. jpg
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