Language Culture and Power By Rebekah Foster Diana

Language, Culture, and Power By Rebekah Foster & Diana Aguilar Ahumada

Keepers of the Second Throat By Patricia Smith ● Her narrative begins by explaining her mother’s pressure to assimilate and conform to the way of the northerner’s ● English lessons “. . . slowly scraping her throat clean of the moist and raging infection of Aliceville, Alabama” ● Second throat

The importance of maintaining cultural identity

Bilingual Education Works By Stephen Krashen ● Myth #1: Bilingual education keeps students from learning English ● Myth #2: Bilingual education failed in California ● What does bilingual education look like?

Defending Bilingual Education By Kelley Dawson Salas ● English Language Learners (ELL) ● English Only Education ● Serving immigrants

Bilingual Education Works ● Bilingual education is effective ● K-12 students ● Primary language

More Need, less bilingual Instruction ● Waivers for bilingual education ● English-only programs ● Percentages in bilingual programs

Resistance saves Some Programs ● California 1 st state to pass ● Bilingual programs

The English HURRY! Approach ● ● No Child Left Behind Late-exit program Standardized tests Early transitions

Segregation and Unequal Resources ● Segregation in schools ● Limited English Proficient ● Disadvantages for English Language Learners