Language and Literacy Chapter 9 and 10 Language

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Language and Literacy Chapter 9 and 10

Language and Literacy Chapter 9 and 10

Language n System of communication used by humans Chapter 9

Language n System of communication used by humans Chapter 9

Phonology n System of sounds n n Babies begin to learn language. Babies begin

Phonology n System of sounds n n Babies begin to learn language. Babies begin with babbling, which has no meaning

Morphology n n The meaning of sounds. Babies don’t understand morphology, they don’t assign

Morphology n n The meaning of sounds. Babies don’t understand morphology, they don’t assign meaning to sounds yet.

Syntax n n Rules for combining words into phrases and sentences. Information about a

Syntax n n Rules for combining words into phrases and sentences. Information about a word based on where they are in a sentence: nouns, verbs, plurals, adjectives etc. Preschoolers often use inappropriate syntax. Children’s proper language form develops later.

Semantics n n n Acquiring vocabulary and meanings associated with words. A child develops

Semantics n n n Acquiring vocabulary and meanings associated with words. A child develops their own system of meaning which is constantly changing. Example: at first a doggie is any animal with 4 legs then they can differentiate between a dog and cow.

Pragmatics n n Use of language to express intention and get things done. Rules

Pragmatics n n Use of language to express intention and get things done. Rules for appropriate language in church, speaking to different audiences, speaking to your parents, speaking to your friends, speaking to your employer.

Language Models n Behaviorist n n n Linguistic n n Children rewarded for correct

Language Models n Behaviorist n n n Linguistic n n Children rewarded for correct speech. Children told when they speak incorrectly. They need to be corrected. Language is inherent at birth and social contact triggers it. Constructivist n n n People need to listen to children as they learn to speak. Children need encouragement. Social interaction is important.

Language Strategies n n n n Expansion- Adding correct grammar to what a child

Language Strategies n n n n Expansion- Adding correct grammar to what a child says. Extension- Restating what the child says and modeling correct syntax. Repetition- Repeat what the child says. Parallel talk- Describe the child’s actions. Self-talk- Talking to yourself. Vertical structuring- Asking a question about the child’s statement. Fill-in- Letting the child fill in a sentence, usually with a noun

Kidwatching n Observing children to assess their language skill.

Kidwatching n Observing children to assess their language skill.

Commercial Language Programs n n Ignore interactive and active nature of language. Teacher produces

Commercial Language Programs n n Ignore interactive and active nature of language. Teacher produces the language. Expensive. Words and sounds taken out of context.

Emergent Literacy n n What a child knows at a given point of time.

Emergent Literacy n n What a child knows at a given point of time. Teachers must learn what a child knows and chose activities to help them become more skilled. Chapter 10

Reading n n n Gaining meaning from print, not just reading the words but

Reading n n n Gaining meaning from print, not just reading the words but understanding them. Children use syntax to understand what words mean in a sentence. Children learn to read and write at the same time.

Phonemic Awareness n n n A category under phonological awareness to recognize larger spoken

Phonemic Awareness n n n A category under phonological awareness to recognize larger spoken units. Ability to recognize the sounds in words. Activities include: clapping the beats in a word, identifying the first sound in a word, which word doesn’t belong, blending sounds to create a word, delete sounds, completing words in nursery rhymes, listing words that begin with the same letter etc.

Stages of Writing n n n Scribbling Stage- random marks on paper, knowledge of

Stages of Writing n n n Scribbling Stage- random marks on paper, knowledge of letter shapes. Linear Repetitive Stage- horizontal writing, stringing letters across a page. Random-Letter Stage- using acceptable letters in random order. Letter-Name or Phonetic Writing- write the letters whose names and sounds are the same: “u” for the word you. Transitional Spelling- more standard or conventional spelling but phonetic writing is still used. Conventional Spelling- words spelled correctly.

Activities that Develop Literacy n n n n n Keeping journals. Read books. Write

Activities that Develop Literacy n n n n n Keeping journals. Read books. Write the child’s explanation of their drawings. Focus on their name and their classmates names. Reading aloud to children. Books on tape. Word walls. Reading recipes. Dramatic play writing activities.