Language 5 LANGUAGE IS SYMBOLIC Connection between words

Language 5

LANGUAGE IS SYMBOLIC Connection between words and ideas is based on arbitrary signs and symbols A system of arbitrary signs and symbols used to communicate thoughts and feelings LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE There are 5, 000 -6, 000 spoken languages. All languages have grammatical rules to describe how words should be arranged, modified, and even punctuated. 2

EXAMPLES OF COMMON SIGNS & SYMBOLS What Do These Signs Mean to You? LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE 3

EXAMPLES OF COMMON SIGNS & SYMBOLS What Do These Signs Mean to You? LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE 4

THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE Revolves around the Semantic Triangle People assume that words only have meaning LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE 5

THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE RULES Language is Governed by Rules: Phonological rules –Correct pronunciation Syntactic rules- Proper order of words Semantic rules- Meaning of words Pragmatic rules- Cultural/Social interpretation LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE 6 6

THE NATURE OF LANGUAGE LAYERS Connotative Meaning Denotative Meaning The personal feeling connected to the meaning of a word The objective, dictionarybased meaning of a word 7

LOADED LANGUAGE Language has layers of meaning � Loaded language comprises words with strongly positive or negative connotative meanings Cancer Peace Family Freedo m Justice � The denotative meanings of loaded language may be emotionally neutral LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE 8 8

LANGUAGE IN ACTION � Pragmatic Rules and Code-Switching � Some rules shared by most people in a culture � People in their own individual relationships create their own sets of rules The ability to modify your verbal and nonverbal communication and adopt the language of the majority in a particular situation LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE People learn Code Switching to avoid negative stereotypes about them based on their accent, dialect ethnicity. 9

CODE SWITCHING Examples of Code-Switching http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=wg. WQo. Zz 6 n. Ek&feature=youtu. be https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=IPe. DAFTg. PTA

SLANG AND JARGON Slang Jargo n Can Alienate Outsiders Can Differentiate In-Group/Out-Group Members https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=MHg_M_z. KA 6 Y https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=nq. HIgz. C 14 v 4 LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE 11 11

THE POWER OF WORDS Our Names: • Are more than just a simple means of identification • Shape the way others think of us • Shape the way we view ourselves • Shape the way we act Naming practices vary by sex, ethnicity, religion, and LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE 12 age

WHAT’S IN A NAME What Does Your Name Mean? • Example: “Dianna comes from the word divine. Also, my grandfather’s name was Daniel so I was sort of named after him. ” • Your Name Story: ____________________________ LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE 13 13

MY NAME PRESENTATION Your Assignment (45 pts): The Presentation Should Explain: – Who named you and why (explain your full name) – The meaning of your name and where it derived from – Whether or not you agree with the meaning You Will Be Turning In: – A copy of the presentation (Power. Point or Prezi) – (3) copies of places where you found the meaning of your name (websites, books, etc) **This Presentation will be presented in class next week!** **Presentations should be between 10 -15 minutes and will be due in Week 5** LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE 14

THE POWER OF WORDS Persuasion We use words to persuade based on: Appeals to Ethos rely on a speaker’s respectability, trustworthiness, and moral character Appeals to Pathos rely on listeners’ emotions Appeals to Logos rely on listeners’ ability to reason LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE 15

THE POWER OF WORDS Healing Harmfu l Comfort Humor Affection Libel/Slande r Credibility Hate Speech LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Otzl. Kjk 2 STE 16

LANGUAGE, POWER & CULTURE

WHAT DO YOU THINK? LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE 18 18

THE IMPACT OF LANGUAGE The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis Language reflects cultural models of the world, which, in turn, influence how we think, act, and behave. • The structure of a language affects the perceptions of reality of its speakers and thus influences their thought patterns and worldviews. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=DWyn. Jk. N 5 Hb. Q 19

THE IMPACT OF LANGUAGE Language Can Create: Affiliation Convergence Divergence Sense of Belonging Matching Speech patterns Emphasizing differences LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE 20

LANGUAGE & DECEPTION Corporate Jargon: Lying Beyond Obscurity https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=4 ab 2 Ze. Z-kr. Y LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE 21

MEDIA, LANGUAGE & GENDER https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=W 2 UZZV 3 x. U 6 Q LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=hc 45 -pt. HMxo 22 22

LANGUAGE & PERCEPTION Use “I” and “You” Language I You Take responsibility for feelings and actions, but don’t overuse I and appear selfcentered Don’t shift responsibility from yourself to others. Use you to include someone, not blame that person. LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE 23

LANGUAGE TIPS TO REMEMBER Identify How Labels Affect Your Behavior Identify How Words Affect Your Feelings & Attitudes Identify How Experience Can Affect Meaning Be Sure that Meanings are Shared Avoid Jargon and Slang (especially when you write) LANGUAGE: BARRIER AND BRIDGE 24

TIME TO PRACTICE!! Using “I” and “You” Statements 25