LAN 405 BEGINNING HEBREW II Class VI Niphal

LAN 405 BEGINNING HEBREW II Class VI: Niphal – Strong Verbs (ch. 24) Dr. Esa Autero

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs 1. 1 Introduction to Niphal stem q All Qal verbs = 69% of all verb forms q Next step is derived stems q Niphal stem – the meaning q Simple action in passive or reflexive voice q q Often what verb means in Qal becomes passive or reflexive in Niphal שמע “he heard” in Qal while נשמע himself” in Niphal “he was heard” or “he heard Sometimes Niphal also expresses reciprocal action נשמאו one another” The name “Niphal” ( )נפעל as a memory aid with a נ prefix “they heard

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs q q The conjugations of the Niphal Stem נ prefix in every form q Perfect, participle, and inf. abs. (-a) נ prefix explicitly present q Niph perfect נקט ל יקטל Imperfect, imperative, and inf. cnst. , and inf. abs. (-b) נ prefix assimilates and only shows as a Daghesh Forte Niph imperfect q Niphal paradigms need not be memorized Memorize diagnostic points of the spelling

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs Niphal perfect q Nun prefix q Pathach stem 3 ms 3 fs vowel (except 3 fs, 3 cp) 2 ms 2 fs q Perfect does not present difficulties in identifying Niphap 1 cs 3 cp 2 mp 2 fp 1 cp Qal Niphal Translation קטלה קטלתי קטלו קטלתם קטלתן קטלנו נקטלה נקטלתי נקטלו נקטלתם נקטלתן נקטלנו he was killed She was killed You were killed I was killed They were killed You were killed We were killed

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs Qal Niphal imperfect q Hireq preformative 3 fs on all excep 1 cs q Daghesh Forte on 1 st root consonant q 3 ms Qamets on 1 st root consonant in every form!! 2 ms 2 fs 1 cs 3 mp 3 fp 2 mp 2 fp 1 cp Niphal יקטל תקטל תקטלי אקטל יקטלו תקטלנה תקטלו תקטלנה נקטל Translation He will be killed She will be killed You will be killed I will be killed They will be killed You will be killed We will be killed

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs q Niphal Imperative & Infinitive construct q q Formed w/ ה prefix, assimilated נ , and imperative sufformatives Niphal inf. cstr. q Imp. ms & inf. cstr. identical 2 ms הקטל 2 fs q ה 2 mp q Daghesh forte (assimilation) q הקטל prefix on every form Qamets on 1 st root consonant 2 fp Qal Niphal Translation קטלי קטלו קטלנה הקטלי הקטלו הקטלנה be killed

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs q Niphal Infinitive Absolute q Two forms of Niphal infinitive absolute q q First preserves the נ prefix q Second has the נ prefix +assimilation Niphal inf. abs. only 37 x in HB. q q Two forms equally attested Holem may be written defectively Qal Niphal קטול ־ נקטול הקטול

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs q Niphal Participle q נ prefix in all forms Qamets stem vowel in all forms except one feminine Qal ms q fs mp נקטל fp Niphal קטל נקטלת נקטלים נקטלות Translation being killed

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs q Niphal Stem – Strong Verb Summary Perfect Imperfect נקטל יקטל Imperative Infinitive construct Infinitive absolute Participle נקטל נקטול הקטל הקטול

Niphal Stem – Strong Verbs q Practice q q q Workbook p. 191, no: 2 -6 p. 193, no: 1 -6 Homework q q Workbook: “Bible Translation”, p. 181, no: 1 -3 & p. 194, no: 1 -4 Quizz IV on vocabularies, chs. 22, 24