LAN 405 BEGINNING HEBREW II Class V Qal

LAN 405 BEGINNING HEBREW II Class V: Qal Participle (ch. 22) Dr. Esa Autero

Qal Participle 1. 1 Introduction q English participle q q q Add “-ing” to a verb: sitting, seeing etc. Participle is a verbal adjective Hebrew participle has q q q Stem (Qal, nipf, piel etc. ) Voice (active or passive) Number and gender (sg. /pl & masc. fem. ) May be used attributively: “the sleeping student” Predicatively: “the student is sleeping” Substantively: “The one who studies”

Qal Participle 2. 1 Formation of Hebrew Participle q Strong verb paradigm Active Participle Masc. Fem. Singular Plural קטלת קטלה קטלים קטלות ־ קטל Inflectional endings Masc. Fem. Singular Plural ־ ת ה ים ות ־ q Feminine has two separate endings q Participles inflected only for gender and number – not person q Holem in the 1 st syllabus diagnostic for Qal act. participle [Holem-Tsere]

Qal Participle q Qal Active Participle: Weak Verbs q נ Pts. Singular Plural Masc. עמדת עמדה עמדים עמדות ־ Singular Plural Fem. Pts. Masc. Fem. י In Qal all I-Guttural, I- , and I- and Geminate verbs follow strong pattern ישבת ישבה ישבים ישבות ־ Pts. Singular Plural Masc. נפלת נפלה נפלים נפלות ־ Pts. Singular Plural Masc. סבבת סבבה סבבים סבבות ־ Fem.

Qal Participle Changes in all other weak verb patterns 1) II-Guttural Verbs q Pts. Singular Plural Masc. בחרת בחרה בחרים בחרות ־ Fem. Pts. Masc. Fem. q Note the Holem-Tsere vowel pattern q Hateph Pathach instead of Shewa Singular שאלת שאלה Plural שאלים שאלות ־

Qal Participle 2) III- ע / ח Verbs Pts. Masc. Fem. Singular שלחת שלחה Plural שלחים שלחות ־ q Gutturals prefer a-class vowels q Note the Furtive Pathach Pts. Masc. Fem. Singular שמעת שמעה Plural שמעים שמעות ־

Qal Participle 3) III- א Verbs Pts. Singular Plural Masc. מצאת מצאה מצאים מצאות ־ Fem. q Aleph is quiescent

Qal Participle 4) III- ה Verbs q Pts. Singular Plural Fem. בנה בניה בנים בנות ־ Singular Plural קם קמה קמים קמות Final root consonant ה is lost Masc. q Presence of mater lectionis Fem. 5) Biconsonantal Verbs q Lacks diagnostic Holem q Memorize paradigm! Pts. Masc. Identical to Qal pf. 3 ms Fem. q Identical to Qal pf. 3 fs Context (and accent) as clues to identification q

Qal Participle 2. 2 The Use and Meaning of Qal Active Participle 1) Attributive use q Participle modifies a noun – attributive use q q “sleeping giant” “running water” The participle comes after the noun it modifies Participle must match noun in gender, number, and definiteness Translate as “the giant who is sleeping” “the water that is running” העם הישב בארץ q The people who dwell (who are dwelling) in the land (Num 13: 28) המלאך הדבר בי q The angel who was speaking with me (Zech 2: 2)

Qal Participle 2) Predicative Use q The participle asserts something about the noun q q “The giant is sleeping” “the water is running” Adjective matches the noun in gender and number but not in definiteness Participle never takes the definite article – participle usually follows noun Participle is “tenseless” – tense comes from the context וההר בער בא ש And the mountain was burning with fire (Deut 4: 11) ושמואל שכב בהיכל And Samuel was lying down in (the) temple (1 Sam 3: 3)

Qal Participle 3) Substantive Use q Participle used independently as a noun – “one who” performs a certain action q q Participle behaves like a noun May function as a subject or object, take definite article, be in construct chain, and take suffixes or prepositional prefixes היושבת בגנים The one who dwells in the gardens (Song of Songs 8: 13) ולא יישן שומר ישראל And the One who keeps Israel will not sleep (Ps 121: 4)

Qal Participle 2. 3 The Formation of Qal Passive Participle q Passive participle – add helping verb “be” + “ing” in translation q q “being killed” “being written” Passive participle paradigm Pts. Singular Plural Masc. קטולה קטולים קטולות Fem. q Pts. Masc. Fem. Singular Plural ־ ה ים ות Diagnostic feature of pass. part. = Qamets-Shureq q q Vocal Shewa on 1 st root consonant (fs, mp, fp) I-Gutturals have Hateph pathach קטול

Qal Participle q Some examples – only masc. sg. form עזוב שנוא שאול שחוט אכול Abandoned Hated Asked Slaughtered Eaten פתוח ידוע נטוע ארור יעוץ Opened Known Planted Cursed Advised

Qal Participle q III- ה passive participle have a unique form י stands in the place of third root consonant q E. g. נטויה is fs. Qal. Pass. Pt. of ( נטה to stretch out) q Pts. Singular Plural Masc. בנויה בנויים בנויות Fem.

Qal Participle 2. 4 The Use of Qal. Passive Participle q Used like Active participle (attributively, predicatively, substantively) 1) Attributive use q Participle follows noun it modifies and agrees in gender, number, and definitiveness הברית הכתובה בספר התורה הזה The covenant written in this book of the law (Deut 29: 20) ויבן את־כל־החומה הפרוצה (and) he (re)built all of the broken wall (2 Chr 32: 5)

Qal Participle 2) Predicative usage q Participle either precedes or follows the noun it modifies and agrees in gender and number (not definiteness) ברוך יהוה לאולם Blessed is the LORD forever (Ps 89: 53/2) ברוך הגבר א שר יבטח ביהוה Blessed in the man who trusts in the LORD (Jer 17: 7)

Qal Participle 3) Substantive use q Participles used independently as nouns; “one who” performs a certain action – behaves like a noun והחלוץ יעבר לפני ארון יהוה And the one equipped (for battle) will pass before the ark of the LORD (Josh 6: 7) ותחת הרוגים יפלו And they will fall among the slain ones (Isa 10: 4)

Qal Participle q Participles with prefixes and suffixes q E. g. definite article, prepositional prefixes, pronominal suffixes ההלך בשדה The one who walks in the field (Gen 24: 65) לשמרי בריתו To those who keep his covenant (Ps 103: 18) אני יהוה רפאך I am the LORD who heals you (Ex 15: 26) ידעי טוב ורע Knowing good and evil (Gen 3: 5)

Qal Participle q Practice q q q Workbook p. 179, no: 2 -6 p. 180, no: 1 -3 Homework q See next class’ ppts (Class VI)