LAN 404 BEGINNING HEBREW I Class XIV Qal

LAN 404 BEGINNING HEBREW I Class XIV: Qal Imperfect – Strong verbs Dr. Esa Autero

Qal Imperfect – Strong verbs 1. 1 Introduction q q Of app. 50, 000 Qal stem verbs in HB. , 21, 951 are imperfect (43%) q Qal imperfect inflects to indicate person, number, gender The meaning of Qal imperfect q q Expresses incomplete action (not time per se) Usually translated with English present or future tense “I study” or “I will study” q Also habitual action (past, present, future) – “he prays regularly, he used to pray” q Modal values (would, could, should, might, can etc. ) The exact meaning is indicated by the context q q The imperfect aspect denotes incomplete action, whether in the past, present, or future

Qal Imperfect – Strong verbs 2. 1 The form Sufformative Impf. Perfect of Qal imperfect 3 ms conjugation with 3 fs preformatives 2 ms q Memorize forms q Hireq vowel q Holem stem vowel 2 fs 1 cs except 2 fs, 3 mp, 2 mp 3 mp q Extra “person” 3 fp 2 mp 2 fp 1 cp – – – י – ו נה – יקטל תקטלי אקטל יקטלו תקטלנה תקטלו תקטלנה נקטל Preformative Translation י ת ת ת א י ת ת ת נ He will kill She will kill You will kill I will kill They will kill You will kill We will kill

Qal Imperfect – Strong verbs 2. 3 Stative verbs q Stative verbs classified by stem vowel 3 ms 3 fs In imperfect stem 2 ms vowel always Pathach 2 fs q Follows regular pattern q q Assimilation in 3 fp 1 cs and 2 fp when 3 rd root 3 mp letter is nun. 3 fp 2 mp 2 fp 1 cp גדל כבד קטן יגדל תגדלי אגדל יגדלו תגדלנה תגדלו תגדלנה נגדל יכבד תכבדי אכבד יכבדו תכבדנה תכבדו תכבדנה נכבד יקטן תקטן תקטני אקטן יקטנו תקטנה תקטנו תקטנה נקטן

Qal Imperfect – Strong verbs 2. 4 Negation of the imperfect: The particles אל and לא q q Imperfect (and perfect) negated with לא q Placed immediately before the verb Regular negation לא +imperfect is also used with Ten Commandments as q q Absolute prohibition Permanent prohibition

Qal Imperfect – Strong verbs לא תע שה [ לא תשא ] נשא [ לא תרצח ]רצח [ לא תנאף ]נאף [ לא תגנב ]גנב [ לא תענה ]ענה [ לא תחמד ]חמד You shall not make (Ex 20: 4) You shall not take (20: 7) You shall not kill (20: 13) You shall not commit adultery (20: 14) You shall not steal (20: 15) You shall not answer [give false witness] (20: 16) You shall not covet (20: 17)

Qal Imperfect – Strong verbs q The negative particle אל also used with imperfect to express q Immediate, specific, and non-durative prohibition אל תכתב בספר אל־תירא א ל־תשמעו אל־דברי נביאיכם Do not write in the book Do not fear (Gen 15: 1) Do not listen to the words of your prophets (Jer 27: 16)

Qal Perfect – Weak verbs q q Practice q Workbook p. 89, no: 1 -5 q p. 90, no: 1 -5 Homework q q q Workbook p. 91, no: 1 -5 “Bible Translation” Practice letters and reading (out loud) – e. g. words on vocabulary & workbook Final exam – next week q Chapters 11 -15 – basic grammar and vocabulary q Numbers q Verbs: Qal. perfect (strong & weak); Qal imperfect (strong)