LAN 402 BEGINNING GREEK II Class IX Imperative

LAN 402 BEGINNING GREEK II Class IX: Imperative

Imperative 1. 1 Imperative � In English – second person command You! No � In inflection Greek similar but with greater range of meaning Second and third person – difficulty translating Pr. , aor. , [pf. x 4 in NT] ASPECT not time is significant pr. = continuous; aor. = undefined

Imperative 1. 2 Forming imperative – present and aorist imp. � Second singular needs to be memorized Pr. stem+ con. vowel+ imperative morpheme λυ+ ε+ τω λυέτω � Unaugmented aor. stem+ tense form+ imp. morpheme λυ+ σα+ τω λυσάτω

Imperative Morpheme chart Pr. act. and aor. pass. Pr. /Aor. Middle/passive Sg. 2 Sg. 3 Pl. 2 Pl. 3 ? - τω - τε - τωσαν ? -σθω -σθε -σθωσαν

Imperative Paradigm – imperative Active Present Sg. 2 Sg. 3 Pl. 2 Pl. 3 λῦε λυέτω λύετε λυέτωσα ν 1 st Aor. λῦσον λυσάτω λύσατε λυσάτωσα ν Translation (You) loose Let him loose (You) loose Let them loose

Imperative Mid. Present 1 st Aor. Sg. 2 λύου Sg. 3 λυέσθω λυσάσθω Pl. 2 λύεσθε λύσασθε λυέσθωσ αν λύσασθωσ Let them loose αν for themselves Pl. 3 λῦσαι Translation You loose for yourself Let him loose for himself You loose for yourself

Imperative Pass. Present 1 st Aor. Sg. 2 λύου Sg. 3 λυέσθω λυθήτω λύεσθε λυέσθωσ αν λύθητε You be loosed λυθήτωσαν Let them be loosed Pl. 2 Pl. 3 λύθητι Translation You be loosed Let him be loosed

Imperative Some confusing forms � Imperative pl. 2 is the same as indicative Use context as the guide Aorist lacks augment ἔχετε πίστιν θεοῦ (Mk 11: 22) Have faith in God OR you have faith in God � λύου (sg. 2 mid/pass. imp. ) looks like impf. w/o augment

Imperative 2 nd Aorist forms � Built on 2 nd aorist stem – same ending as pr. Indicative 2 Aor. Sg. 2 Sg. 3 Pl. 2 Pl. 3 � Parsing: Active λάβε λαβέτω λάβετε λαβέτωσα ν Middle γενοῦ γενέσθω γένεσθε γενέσθωσα ν Passive γράφητι γραφήτω γράφητε γραφήτωσαν tense, voice, “imperative”, person, number… � For contract verbs and εἰμί see p. 313

Imperative 2. 1 Meaning of imperative (i) Command ἀκολούθει μοι [cf. ποίει (imp. ) – ποιεῖ (ind. )] Follow me (Mark 2: 14) δότε αὐτοῖς ὑμεῖς φαγεῖν You give them [something] to eat (Mk 6: 37) (ii) Imperative of entreaty – request κύριε, δίδαξον ἡμᾶς προσεύχεσθαι Lord, teach us to pray See also, the Lord’s prayer (Matt 6: 10)

Imperative 2. 2 Prohibition and Negations Different kinds of prohibitions and negations (i) οὐ with the future indicative – simple negation οὐ μοιχεύσεις, οὐ φονεύσεις. . . You shall not commit adultery, …not murder. . . (Rom 13: 9) (ii) μή plus pr. impr. – prohibiting continuous action μὴ μεριμνᾶτε τῇ ψυχῇ ὑμῶν Do not worry about your life

Imperative (iii) μή plus the aorist imp. – prohibiting undefined action μὴ γνώτω ἡ ἀριστερά σου τί ποιεῖ ἡ δεξιά σου Do not let your left hand know what your right hand is doing (iv) μή plus the aor. subj. – stronger “no” than no: (i) μὴ νομισήτε ὅτι ἦλθον καταλῦσαι τὸν νόμον ἤ τοὺς. . . Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law… (v) οὐ μή plus aor. subj – firm fut. negation (firmer than iv) οἱ λόγοι μου οὐ μὴ παρέλθωσιν My words will [truly] not pass away

Imperative Practice: � Parsing and warm-up p. 137 Homework: � p. 139, No: 7 -8