Laboratory Safety 1 Introduction to Laboratory Safety l

Laboratory Safety 1

Introduction to Laboratory Safety l Safety Procedures l Chemical Awareness l Chemical Hygiene l Material Safety Data Sheets 2

Chemical Handling Basics l NEVER EAT OR DRINK IN THE LABORATORY!!! l l l Know the hazards of the chemical. Follow all prescribed safety procedures. ALWAYS wear safety glasses and safety gloves when handling any chemicals. Secure long hair and remove all dangling jewelry. No open toe shoes, shorts, skirts or pants with holes on lab days. 3

l l l Wash hands thoroughly before eating, taking a break, or leaving class Follow all instructions and do not mix any chemicals without the teacher’s permission Never smell a chemical directly, always “waft” the chemical. Report all accidents and broken equipment immediately. Clean up after yourselves. 4

l l l Know the locations and operating procedures of all safety equipment. Experiments must be personally monitored at all times. Never look into a container that is being heated. Heated metals and heated glass look the same as cool metals and glass and remain hot for a long time. Students are never permitted in the storage area without specific permission. 5

Do NOT discard any chemicals or materials into the sinks or the trash can. Dilution is NOT the solution to pollution! l Do not contaminate chemicals. Unused chemicals become waste l Keep your work area clean at all times. l In case of a fire drill during an experiment, close all containers, shut off gas valves, and unplug any electrical equipment. l 6

l Horseplay, practical jokes, and pranks are dangerous and prohibited. 7

Chemical Awareness l Know what you are working with. Container Labels l Material Safety Data Sheets l 8

Chemical States l Chemicals can exist in one of three chemical states: lsolid lliquid lgas 9

Labeling l All chemical compounds must be labeled and classified; l Any container not labeled should be considered hazardous - call the teacher immediately 10

Labeling Requirements l Manufacturer must provide information about the hazards of a chemical using MSDS and labels Identity of chemical l Name and address of the Manufacturer or other responsible party l Chemical, Physical and Health Hazards l 11

Hazardous Material Information System (HMIS) 12

Material Safety Data Sheets l. A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a safety sheet with important physical and chemical properties as well as the hazards of a chemical 13

You must have a MSDS for any “hazardous” chemical. • According to OSHA, a chemical is a hazardous if it is. . . 1. 2. 3. 4. Carcinogen Corrosive Irritant Sensitizer 5. Highly Toxic 6. Toxic 7. Target Organ Effects 14

Carcinogen: cancer causing l. A chemical is considered to be a carcinogen or a potential carcinogen if it is evaluated and listed by. . . • International Agency for Research on Cancer • Annual Report on Carcinogens by the National Toxicology Program • OSHA 15

Corrosives and Irritants l. A Corrosive chemical causes visible destruction or irreversible damage to living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact (burns or scars). l An Irritant causes reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact (hives or a rash). 16

Sensitizers l. A Sensitizer causes a substantial number of exposed people to develop an allergic reaction after repeated exposure. l Note: people react to chemical exposures differently based on health, physical, chemical and environmental factors 17

Toxic and Highly Toxic l Toxic means that the chemical can produce an acute and potentially fatal reaction with a large dose. l Highly toxic means that a small dose of the chemical will cause an acute and potentially fatal reaction. l The difference is that the “Toxic” concentrations are greater than the “Highly Toxic” chemical. 18

Target Organ Effects l Causes damage to specific organs such as the reproductive organs, cardiovascular system, neurological system, eyes, liver, kidneys and blood and immune system 19

MSDS Information l Chemical Name l Handling Procedures l Exposure Limits & Exposure Routes l Personal Protective Equipment &Safety Precautions l Emergency Spill and Fire Procedures l Disposal Procedures l Explosion, Fire and Reactivity Potential 20

MSDS Information (cont. ) l Acute and Chronic Health Effects; & Specific Health Risks, Carcinogen Listing l First Aid Procedures l Physical and Chemical Characteristics l Date MSDS was Updated l Signs and Symptoms of Over Exposure l Name, Address, Phone # of Manufacturer 21

How to Use the MSDS l Review an MSDS prior to using any new chemical l Know the signs and symptoms of over exposure; if any you experience any of these symptoms, immediately leave the work area l Know the basic hazards of the material and take the appropriate safety precautions 22

Hazard Classes l Class 1: l Class 2: l Class 3: l Class 4: l Class 5: l Class 6: l Class 7: Explosives Gases Flammable Liquids Flammable Solids Oxidizers &Organic Peroxides Poison Radioactive Materials 23

Hazard Classes (continued) l Class 8: l Class 9: Corrosives Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods 24

Explosive Hazards l Explosive Limit: The range of concentration of a flammable gas or vapor in which explosion can occur upon ignition in a confined area; measured in % by volume in air (LEL, UEL) example: Diesel Fuel 0. 7 - 5% 25

Fire Hazards l Class A: Combustible Materials such as wood, paper and cloth. Extinguish: Water, Carbon Dioxide l Class B: Flammable Liquids such as gasoline. Extinguish: Carbon Dioxide, Dry chemical foam DO NOT USE WATER! 26

Fire Hazards (continued) l Class C: Electrical Equipment Extinguish: Carbon Dioxide, Dry chemical foam DO NOT USE WATER! l Class D: Burning metals such as Magnesium and Zirconium Extinguish: Powdered Graphite, sand DO NOT USE WATER! 27

Chemical Characteristics l p. H: Represents the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous solution. l p. H Range: 0 -14 Standard Units (S. U. ) Neutral 7 Acid 0 -7 Base 7 - 14 28

Corrosive l Acids or Bases can be corrosive l RCRA: p. H of <2 S. U. or >12. 5 S. U. l DOT: p. H of <6. 0 S. U. or >8. 0 S. U. l Can irreversibly damage human tissue l Can corrode steel at a rate of >6. 35 mm/year at 55 o. C 29

The Laboratory l Know your Laboratory 30

Glassware l Only use glassware that had been thoroughly and properly cleaned and dried. l Do not use glassware that has been chipped, cracked or etched. l Use the appropriate size of glassware for your experiments. l Hot glassware looks exactly like cool glassware! Use tongs. 31

Heating Samples l ALWAYS use goggles or safety glasses l Do not look directly in the beaker or test tube, point the apparatus away from you l Use a boiling stone if necessary l Place hot samples on a wire mesh or other cooling surface; NOT THE TABLE! 32

NEVER MOUTH PIPET! 33

Safety Equipment l Fire Extinguishers l Fire Blanket l Fume Hood l Eye-wash stations l Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) l Goggles, Aprons, Gloves 34

In Case of Fire l In the event of a fire, evacuate immediately. l Notify the teacher. l DO NOT USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER! l Fire Blankets are available. l Your safety is more important than the lab. 35

In case of Accident l Tell the teacher IMMEDIATELY! l Use your best safety judgement 36

Fume Hoods l. A fume hood is designed to evacuate a hazardous atmosphere. l Before you proceed with any laboratory experiment, make sure the fume hood is turned on. l Turn off the fume hood only after all reagents and glassware cleaned and put away. 37

Eye-wash stations l If a chemical is splashed in your face, have your lab partner walk you over to the eye-wash station IMMEDIATELY! l Notify the teacher IMMEDIATELY! l Safety showers are available if you splash a chemical on your clothing. 38

Bunsen Burner l Bunsen burners use Natural Gas as the fuel. l If you smell gas, notify the teacher immediately. l Turn the gas on ONLY when you are ready to begin using the burner. l Use the sparking tool to ignite the gas. l Turn the valve “OFF” after you are finished. 39

Solvents & Reagents l “AAA”: Always Add Acids to water; this is a mild acid-base reaction which produces a small amount of heat. If improperly diluted, enough heat can be generated to crack or burst the glassware 40

Solvents & Reagent Dangers Solvents are flammable and toxic. Wash the skin thoroughly with water if it comes in contact with any solvent or reagent. • Some solvents may cause allergic reactions, headaches or skin irritation. Notify the teacher immediately if you are experiencing any discomfort. • 41

Waste l DO NOT DISCARD CHEMICALS DOWN THE SINK DRAIN, unless directed to by the teacher. l DO discard chemicals in the appropriate and marked container. l Do not leave any chemicals in an unmarked container. 42

Spills l If any reagent or solvent is spilled in the laboratory, notify the teacher immediately. l Do not try to clean up a spill with a paper towel or other absorbent on your own. 43

Personal Protective Equipment l SAFETY GLASSES & GOGGLES Prescription eyeglasses are NOT safety glasses; even with side shields. l Contacts are okay, UNLESS otherwise stated l l Protective l Clothing No open toed shoes l Protective l Gloves Aprons 44