LABORATORIO Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Hexapoda Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum

LABORATORIO Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Hexapoda

Phylum Arthropoda • Subphylum Crustacea – Class Malacostraca • • • Subphylum Chelicerata – Class Branchiopoda – Class Merostomata – Class Pycnogonida – Class Arachnida • • Order Amblypygi Order Scorpiones Order Pseudoscorpionida Order Acari Order Solifugae Order Uropygi Order Opiliones Order Araneae • Subphylum Myriapoda – Class Diplopoda – Class Chilopoda Order Decapoda Order Amphipoda • Order Anostraca • Order Cladocera – Class Maxillopoda • Order Ostracoda • Order Copepoda • Order Cirripedia • Subphylum Hexapoda – Class Insecta • Order Isoptera • • • Order Orthoptera Order Blatoddea Order Diptera Order Coleoptera Order Collembola Order Odonata Order Mantodea Order Hemiptera Order Lepidoptera Order Himenoptera Order Phasmatida Order Siphonaptera

Subphylum Hexapoda This is the most diverse taxa of Arthropoda ~1. 1 million described species including bees, beetles, mayflies, stoneflies, cicadas, grasshoppers, among many other Key characteristics of the subphlym: • Three pairs of walking legs • One pair of antennae • Body typically divided into 3 tagmata: head, thorax, abdomen • Most have wings • Trachea (respiration) • Malphigian tubules (excretion) • Direct (hemimetabolous; with adult-like nymphs) or indirect (holometabolous, with distinct larval stage) development • Some are social

Clase Insecta, Order Orthoptera

Class Insecta, Order Orthoptera • Grasshoppers & crickets • Hind legs elongated for jumping • Forewings leathery • Chewing mouthparts (herbivores) • Males frequently stridulate (produce sound) • Tympanic membranes (hearing) present • Hemimetabolous- incomplete or partial metamorphosis

O. Orthoptera -Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum Hexapoda • Class Insecta, Order Orthoptera • Grasshoppers External Anatomy Describe the differences between the two pairs of wings (appearance & function). How does the tympanic membrane help a grasshopper?

O. Orthoptera – Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum Hexapoda • Clase Insecta, Order Orthoptera • Grasshoppers Internal Anatomy

Difference between a grasshopper and a cricket Crickets Grasshoppers stridulate ("sing") by rubbing their wings stridulate by rubbing their long hind legs together against their wings detect sound by means of little 'ears' are on the front legs detect sound by means of little 'ears' at the base of their abdomen crepuscular tend to be out and about during the day. tend to have long antennae, have short antennae.

O. Blatoddea • Roaches • Dorso-ventrally flattened • Forewings leathery (or wings absent) • Chewing mouthparts • Pair of cerci at end of abdomen • Hemimetabolous- incomplete or partial metamorphosis Whistling roaches! Did you know that males of hissing roaches whistle at females to get them interested in mating?

O. Isoptera • • Termites Specialized for eating cellulose All are eusocial; live in colonies Multiple castes, typically with reproductives, soldiers, workers Alates (new reproductives) have 2 pairs of long membranous wings All other castes are wingless, soft -bodied and usually pale colored Eyes poorly developed Hemimetabolous http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=x. Ga. T 0 B__2 DM http: //www. termatrac. com/home-owners/learn-about-termites/termite-castes/#Reprod

O. Isoptera

O. Diptera • Hind wings absent (reduced to club-like halteres) • Sucking or sponging mouthparts • Mobile head with large eyes • Holometabolous: larval types include maggots halteres The other pair of wings is reduced to club-like structures known as 'halteres See more at: http: //australianmuseum. net. au/flies-andmosquitoes-order-diptera#sthash. Dbm 8 UF 72. dpuf

O. Diptera 1. Observe lamina en su cajita con ciclo de vida de Drosophila

O. Coleoptera • Beetles • Forewings hardened into elytra that cover abdomen & form seam along body midline • General chewing mouthparts • Largest order; >350, 000 species • Holometabolous: larvae are often grubs Did you know that this is the most diverse group of hexapods? Coleoptera species richness is the result of having coevolved with flowering plants. Coleoptera contains more species than any other order, constituting almost 25% of all known life-forms

O. Coleoptera

O. Collembola • Springtails • Furcula: abdominal jumping appendage • Small size, <6 mm • Mouthparts are internal • Taxonomic Note: Commonly placed in a separate class of Hexapods, the Entognatha Watch this cool video! http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Ow. OLMHc. Q 1 w&feature=related

O. Collembola 1. Observe lamina de collembola

O. Odonata • Dragonflies & damselflies • Do not fold wings flat over body • Large mandibles and eyes • Hemimetabolous: nymphs are aquatic (called naiads) http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Q-7 k 2 HNJp. XA

O. Odonata 1. Observe la anatomia en material preservado

O. Mantodea • • Mantids Large raptorial forelegs Triangular heads with large eyes Leathery forewings cover hindwings at rest • Ambush predators • Hemimetabolous Nature’s perfect predator! http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=6 h. Guall. LPc. M&fe ature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PL 17 BCDD 1 B 17189964

O. Mantodea 1. Mantis ver material preservado

O. Hemiptera 1. True bugs look for the cycle of the • • True Bugs, hoppers, aphids, etc. Sucking beak tucked underneath body Base of forewings often leathery Hemimetabolous

O. Lepidoptera • • Butterflies & moths Wings broad, covered in scales Coiled, sucking mouthparts Holometabolous: larvae are caterpillars

O. Lepidoptera

O. Himenoptera • • • Bees, wasps, ants Hindwings reduced, hook to forewing Ovipositer modified for piercing, stinging Typically have narrow "waist" Holometabolous

O. Himenoptera

O. Phasmatida • • • Body shape variable but most are elongate and cylindrical or flattened and resemble sticks, leaves or grass 2 pairs of wings although some species are wingless Wings when present consist of short, hardened forewings which form a protective cover part of the larger membranous hind wings Antennae are filiform and may be either short or long Phasmid nymphs usually resemble adults but lack wings. Like many of their relatives, Phasmatidae are capable of regenerating limbs and commonly reproduce by parthenogenesis. Despite their bizarre, even threatening appearance, they are harmless to humans.

O. Siphonaptera Common name: fleas Meaning of name: tube wings Habitat: literally live everywhere, even Antarctica; due to being carried there by hosts Characteristics: have 3 pairs of legs (their hind legs are modified to where they can jump); a hard exoskeleton; sharp mouthparts to bite; and a row of spines known as a genal comb Development: go through complete metamorphosis.

O. Siphonaptera

O. Phthiraptera Common Characteristics: parasitic; wingless; flat-bodied; eyeless or small eyed; small insects with tarsi having one or two claws. Development: incomplete metamorphosis Collecting methods: using a fine-toothed comb on animals with lice

O. Phthiraptera