Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso Safety Issues in

Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso Safety Issues in the Gran Sasso National Laboratories [@ LNGS] Einstein Telescope WP 1 -Meeting (Roberto Tartaglia) LNGS Prevention and Protection Service (SPP-Safety Group) LNGS, 09 th of February, 2009 1 R. Tartaglia

Overview The Gran Sasso National Laboratories (LNGS) [Highway Tunnel vs. the Underground Labs] LNGS Organisation Chart Guards + Firemen duties [Work Permit] The Highway Tunnel Safety Systems Main Experiments @ LNGS Escape Routes+ “Safety Places” Confinement Ventilation @ LNGS Personnel Protection Devices Safety Plants Description Laws Procedures @ LNGS Dangerous Materials @ LNGS 2 [Thanks a lot to All of You. . . ] R. Tartaglia

LNGS Configuration: interference with the highway tunnel The underground labs are located under a “rock-layer” about 1400 mthick, about half a way on the Gran Sasso tunnel, which connects the L’Aquila and Teramo counties. (The tunnel is about 10. 5 km long) Total Volume of about 180. 000 m 3. Total Area of about 14. 000 m 2. 3 R. Tartaglia

Some Pictures… 4 R. Tartaglia

Some Pictures… 5 R. Tartaglia

LNGS Operability About 70 -80 Staff Members (50% Administrative) + + 15 -20 fixed-term positions Co-operation with 750 researchers, 350 of which are coming from all over the world. Up to May, 2004 an average of about 60 -70 visitors/day for about 200 dd. /year 12. 000 - 14. 000 visitors/year An average of about 30 - 50 employees of External Companies daily operating in the underground labs. 6 R. Tartaglia

LNGS Organisational Chart 7 R. Tartaglia

Safety Management How can we organise the Safety Management? People trained for Safety purposes. 3 Guards in the underground labs (shift H 24) 3 Firemen in the underground labs (shift H 24) Emergency teams and On-call technicians GLIMOS Well trained “accompany people” (guides) Training Courses and Safety Briefings !!! 8 R. Tartaglia

LNGS Configuration 9 R. Tartaglia

Safety Systems in the highway tunnels-1 Ventilation system, possibility to send air at 70 Km/h. Air flow is in the same direction as the traffic goes: inverting the air flow is NOT possible. Thermo-sensing cable in the highest point of the tunnel (alarm level set at 70º C). 18 by-passes along the tunnel for escaping towards the parallel going highway tunnel. One TV camera each 200 metres. 33 emergency bays, one each 300 metres, equipped with a fire extinguisher and intercom. 7 ventilation cabins; local transformers at 20. 000/380 V. Rescue team (“outsourcing” by the “Strada dei Parchi” Company: 2 people, well equipped vehicles patrolling the highway or standing in the Control Room @ Assergi 10 R. Tartaglia

Interference [Highway Tunnels] vs. LNGS Power supply in the tunnel: redundant system (since 1 year, with source both from TE and AQ) Data connection (phone + Ethernet) in the tunnel: redundan system (transmission both from TE and AQ) ADR Transportation forbidden in the tunnel: agreement set with all the involved Authorities - Police escort required !! Evacuation Procedure established !! (piano di emergenza prefettizio) red telephone+ mobile radioes 11 R. Tartaglia

Experimental Apparatus Safety @ LNGS 12 R. Tartaglia

D. Lgs. 626/94 National Safety Committee The INFN elected also a National Safety Committee, in order to let define and spread the general guidelines as regards Safety. In the D. Lgs. 626/94 application, in fact, any structure has been seen as a Unit with its “datore di lavoro” and its own SPP structure. In each structure the “datore di lavoro” is the Director. According to law, the RSPP is directly in staff with the Director her/himself: the RSPP is not part of the operative / hierarchic structure. With the new law D. Lgs. 81/08 nothing has changed as regards the INFN structure and organisation 13 R. Tartaglia

D. Lgs. 334/99 The D. Lgs 334/99 applies to all the activities defined “at high risk”. The previous law - D. Lgs. 175/88 - referred to a certain number and classification of activities, present in a list well defined. The D. Lgs. 334/99 refers not to the activity itself but to substances used and/or adopted, keeping in mind their classification and amount in the Unit. In the next slides I’ll try to summarise the reasons why we’ve been involved in the D. Lgs. 334/99 and which are the substances and the amount officially declared to the Authorities. 14 R. Tartaglia

Common or Generic Name Why LNGS in D. Lgs. 334/99 Risk Phrases Max Q Pseudocumene R 10: flammable R 20: Harmful by inhalation R 36/37/38: Irritating to eyes, breathing apparatus, skin R 51/53: Toxic to aquatic organism, may cause long term adverse effects to the aquatic environment 1250 (*) Nafta pesante idrogenata tipo EXXOL D 40 white spirit R 10: Flammable R 65: Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed R 66: Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness and/or cracking 297 Nafta pesante idrogenata tipo “russo” white spirit R 10: Flammable R 65: Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed R 66: Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness and/or cracking R 51/53: Toxic to aquatic organism, may cause long term adverse effects to the aquatic environment 743 (*) at the date of February 2009, the total amount is 1250 t 15 R. Tartaglia

D. Lgs. 334/99 - 3 ** D. Lgs. 238/05 In the 2005 a new EU Directive has been ruled as Italian Law. The D. Lgs. 238/05 has been approved on the 5 th of December, 2006. In this law (already known as “Seveso-ter”, the limits for the R 51/53 categories will be lowered respectively to: 200 t (artt. 6 -7) e 500 t (art. 8). This means that with no doubt, only with the amount of LVD scintillator, we will be in the art. 8, which implies a stricter procedure, the editing of a Rd. S (Rapporto di Sicurezza) and the need APPROVAL by the Authorities before starting the activity. - artt. 6 -7 it implies a simple “declaration”, notification. - art. 8 it implies request for authorisation (and an answer by Authorities). 16 R. Tartaglia

Authorisation ARIR Artt. 6 e 8 D. Lgs. 334/99 e L. R. 19/01 Inizio Nuovo Modifica esistente Nuovo o modifica? Rapporto preliminare di sicurezza no Fine si Approvato? si no Nulla Osta definitivo: Autorizzazione alla costruzione Rapporto di Sicurezza (Rd. S) 8 Art. 8 o Art. 6? no Stabilimento con SGS certificato? Aggiornamento Rd. S o SVT 6 si no Scheda Valutazione Tecnica (SVT) Istruttoria CVR (Regione con. ARPA, VVF, ISPESL) Revisione Rd. S Aggravio rischio (DM 9. 8. 00)? Istruttoria ufficio regionale competente Approvato? Procedura Semplificata si Nulla Osta definitivo: Autorizzazione all’esercizio Revisione SVT 17 no Approvata? si Nulla Osta definitivo: Autorizzazione all’esercizio R. Tartaglia

Ubicazione sostanze (planimetria) - D. Lgs 334/99 18 R. Tartaglia

Experimental Apparatus - Pictures - Hall A The LVD Experiment (Large Volume Detector) is a modular experiment, composed of about 900 steel tanks grouped 8 by 8. Thus, each 8 tanks, the double containment design strategy has been applied, in order to limit (avoid) any risk of possible spillage. Each tank contains an amount of about 1, 2 t of “nafta pesante idrogenata” (or acqua ragia minerale) - mineral oil. The total amount os of about 1040 t. LVD is an experiment devoted to neutrinos coming from stars collapses. (E 0 > 7 Me. V) LVD 19 R. Tartaglia

Gli apparati sperimentali - qualche foto… - Sala C Sketch of the BOREXINO Experiment. It’s a SSS with a diameter of about 13. 7 m with 20 legs welded to a bigger tank (half cylinder, half hemispheric), for a total volume of about 3450 m 3. On the SSS surface there are 2200 photo-multipliers which look towards a nylon balloon (total volume of about 320 m 3 ), which is the experiment “core”. The SSS will be completely filled with pseudocumene [(1, 2, 4) – trymetilbenezene], for a total amount of about 1250 t. BOREXINO 20 R. Tartaglia

Ubicazione sostanze - extra D. Lgs 334/99 21 R. Tartaglia

ICARUS • Temporal Projection Chamber- liquid Argon - 600 t in this phase – Rare Events – Neutrino Physics – atmospheric , solar neutrinos from Supernovae 22 R. Tartaglia

Experiments almost completed tau Neutrino detector LNGS 2000 ton chambers Pb/Emulsions Direct Detection t Modular Detector (2 modules) 31 target planes / spectrometer (206336 bricks) Spectrometer m+ Target Sector Magnet + RPC floors Electronic detectors brick choice for interaction n m ID, charged, p Nuclear Emulsion granularity ~ µm resolution ~ sub-µm 31 wall + 31 TT 23 R. Tartaglia

LNGS Safety Plants - “General Plant” 24 R. Tartaglia

LNGS Safety Plants - normal ventilation 25 R. Tartaglia

LNGS Safety Plants - emergency ventilation 26 R. Tartaglia

LNGS Safety Plants - Escape Routes 27 R. Tartaglia

LNGS Safety Plants - “By-passes” 28 R. Tartaglia

LNGS Safety Upgrade (2006 - 2008) Underground Labs sketch We are “immerged” in water!! Section of the labs Water drain (pressure on the vaults) Drinkable water to TE side 29 R. Tartaglia

COMMISSIONER PROGRAM OF WORKS 1 - Specific Actions for Gran Sasso Global System New drinkable water collection system New drainage water system Collection pools + monitoring system + + filtering system on the TE side everything done 2 - Up-grade of the tech. infrastructure Floor leak-proofing Leaks containment wells Ventilation system Cooling system Power supply and distribution Global Monitoring system 30 R. Tartaglia

COMMISSIONER ACTIVITY 2 - Up-grade of the tech. infrastructure-a Floor leak-proofing Leaks containment wells Ventilation system Pipe installation completed New ventilation centre realised in Assergi (AQ side). Connection, integration and remote control upgrade with the old system still to be completed. Cooling System Power Supply and Distribution Monitoring System 31 R. Tartaglia

COMMISSIONER ACTIVITY - Nov 2007 2 - Up-grade of the tech. infrastructure-b Fire Confinement Global Security By-pass (to the AQ --> TE tunnel) completed - under test design completed - funds needed -access control and the tracking of any badge (or palm-pc). The leading idea and the final goal s to have the chance to define and identify how many people are underground (in the labs and/or in the motorway tunnel at any moment). preliminary design under study 32 R. Tartaglia

Laboratory Updates LNGS infrastructures: New ventilation system under integration; 1 st step scheduled by the end of May; total upgrade by the next months Current Config Future Config Make-up air Air flow 60000 m 3/h Exhaust air Air flow 20000 m 3/h AQ TE LNGS AQ Exhaust air Air flow 40000 m 3/h TE LNGS Make-up air Air flow 40000 m 3/h Exhaust to the Motorway (fraction) 33 Exhaust to the Motorway (fraction) R. Tartaglia

Laboratory Updates LNGS infrastructures: New confinement doors under completion: scheduled by the end of March; 34 R. Tartaglia

Laboratory Updates LNGS infrastructures: Photo of a filter 35 R. Tartaglia

Laboratory Updates LNGS infrastructures: Direct Interconnecting tunnel (“over-pass”) to the motorway tunnel AQ --> TE; “ideal design”. 36 R. Tartaglia

Safety of the Experimental Apparatus @ LNGS Due to the particular underground labs configuration and the evident interconnection with the highway tunnels, the Experimental Apparatus Safety is an extremely important subject @ LNGS. Let’s see which are the main questions and problems which may affect the installation of any Experiment in any of the Experimental Halls. Generally we can group them into three categories: Management [organisation, procedures] (1 a) Design (1 b) Work-site (1 c) 37 R. Tartaglia

Safety of the Experimental Apparatus @ LNGS As regards the point (1 a), we have to keep in mind the peculiarity of the LNGS and of the underground labs: 2 a) interconnection with the highway tunnels 2 b) labs dimensions and Safety Organisation 2 c) seismic/plants (general/ electrical / safety) questions 2 d) materials to be allowed in the Experiments 2 e) well detailed procedures to be written 2 f) Safety Guide for Experiment @ LNGS (WEB page ready !!!!!) 38 R. Tartaglia

Safety of the Experimental Apparatus @ LNGS As regards the point (1 b), the direct involvement of the LNGS Services is fundamental: from the very beginning, during the Proposal definition, so that many factors will be kept into consideration even from the Design phase: 3 a) 3 b) 3 c) 3 d) seismic condition fire prevention and fighting underground labs plant configuration underground space definition and optimisation: access to the Halls to be studied very well 3 e) logistic and work-site planning 3 f) materials to be used, in order to comply both the experimental requirements (such as purity level, e. g. ) and Safety needs (halon free, fire-proof, i. e. ) 39 R. Tartaglia

Safety of the Experimental Apparatus @ LNGS As regards the work-site subject (1 c), regardless of the Italian laws fulfilment, it’s a fundamental aspect to be carefully evaluated, due to the clearly difficult operating conditions and to the medium-long term installation period (several years in the Experimental Halls). In particular, the Safety organisation has been focused on: 4 a) Companies Control 4 b) working groups + Task manager here @ LNGS 4 c) well defined procedures for each operating phase 40 R. Tartaglia

LNGS Safety Guide LNGS Organizational Chart Procedures for the Experimental Collaboration LNGS Seismic Condition Safety Plants Short Description Electrical Plants Short Description General Plants Short description General Emergency Plans Any change, upgrade and modification on the Labs plants MUST be discussed, agreed and approved by the competent Service Responsible !!!!! 41 R. Tartaglia

LNGS Work Permit (“hot”) “Hot” Permit The reasons for the work permit are very simple: we need to know “a priori” which are the operation and the installation and the jobs to be performed by external companies (above all) in the labs, so that both the firemen and the guards will know well in advance the most delicate operation. In this way both the firemen and the guards and the Labs services will be able to look after these “particular jobs. As You can see from the form, You have to fill several fields. . . 42 R. Tartaglia

LNGS Truck Permit The reasons for the truck permit are very simple: we need to know “a priori” which are the transportation and the logistic for loading/unloading material inside the underground labs. It’s important to know in advance the eventual occupancy of the main (truck) tunnel. 43 R. Tartaglia

LNGS DUVRI - Interferences 44 R. Tartaglia

Experimental Apparatus Safety @ LNGS Conclusions and goals (“ideal” world) Experiment Idea Proposal definition Proposal Update Technical Proposal Interaction with LNGS Report Update Safety Report Interaction with LNGS Exp. Organisation Chart Responsabile Procedimento Risks Assessment Procedures Definition LNGS Working Group Safety Plans Task Managers Plants Upgrade Installazione OK START 45 Site Preparation R. Tartaglia

A Little Bit of History… and Future CERN DESY Working in similar condition: - confined area FERMILAB - access rules - companies control - similar apparatus - gas mixtures use SLAC - cryo - fluids BNL LNGS RAL HEP Network 46 R. Tartaglia

A Little Bit of History… and Future Boulby Canfranc Modane Pyhäsalmi Working in similar condition: - confined area - access rules - companies control - similar apparatus - gas mixtures use cryo - fluids Interference with other Entities: - motorways - mines LNGS ILIAS Network 47 R. Tartaglia

A Little Bit of History… and Future Canfranc Modane Pyhasalmi ILIAS Network LNGS Boulby RAL DESY LNGS HEP Network BNL CERN FERMILAB 48 SLAC R. Tartaglia

Comics (physicists) We do believe that Safety is not simply a signature on a paper nor an increase of bureaucracy. We do believe that safety should be managed in the same way as “Quality”. 49 R. Tartaglia

Comics [Protective Equipment] A correct Safety Management System may help in design and realise the experimental apparatus, without any waste of time. It’s a TOP-->DOWN implementation and the management should be convinced and should address everybody to accept and apply some simple rules. Everybody should know that we are going all together in the same direction. Thanks a lot for Your attention and co-operation Email: Roberto. Tartaglia@lngs. infn. it 50 R. Tartaglia