LAB 4 2 BLOOD VOLUME AND BLOOD TYPES

LAB 4 -2 BLOOD VOLUME AND BLOOD TYPES PRE-LAB NOTES

VOCABULARY • Myriad = many • Homeostasis = keeping a stable internal environment, regardless of external changes • Feedback mechanism – uses information for control – Example: Thermostat monitors room T. – Too cold? Thermostat calls for heat; turns burner on. – Too hot? Thermostat turns burner off.

VOCABULARY • Antigen = foreign object (usually a protein) that causes immune system to attack – Examples: bacteria, viruses, toxins, blood proteins • Antibody = attacks antigen • Agglutination = clumping (very bad inside blood vessels!)

BLOOD PROTEINS • Located on surfaces of Red Blood Cells (RBCs). • Proteins: – Hemoglobin (Hb) – Protein A – Protein B – Rh Factor

• • EVERYBODY has Hb. If you have protein A, you are blood type A. “ “ “ protein B, “ “ blood type B. “ “ “ both proteins (A and B), you are blood type AB. • If you have neither protein A nor protein B, you are blood type O. • What about the Rh factor?

PROTEINS PRESENT: BLOOD TYPE: Hb, protein A, protein B, Rh factor AB+ Hb, A, B (no Rh factor) AB- Hb, A, Rh factor A+ Hb, A A- Hb, B, Rh factor B+ Hb, B B- Hb, Rh factor O+ Hb O- Universal recipient Universal donor

BLOOD DONATIONS • People can receive only familiar proteins. • Foreign proteins will stimulate the immune response. • Agglutination, death result (we want to avoid that).

BLOOD TYPE: PROTEINS PRESENT: CAN RECEIVE FROM: CAN DONATE TO: A+ A, Rh factor A+, A-, O+, O- A+, AB+ A- A B+ B, Rh factor B+, B-, O+, O- B+, AB+ B- B B-, O- B+, B-, AB+, AB- AB+ A, B, Rh factor A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, O- AB+ AB- A, B A-, B-, AB-, O- AB+, AB- A-, O- A+, A-, AB+, AB- O+ Rh factor O+, O- A+, B+, AB+, O+ O- none besides Hb O- A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, O-