Lab 10 Central Nervous System The Brain Human

Lab 10 Central Nervous System & The Brain Human Brain Sheep Brain SB

Objective 1: Anatomy of the human brain and cranial nerves Cerebrum (gold area) Diencephalon (Violet area) Brain stem (green area) Cerebellum (pink area)

Human Brain, Superior View Post central gyrus Central sulcus Pre central gyrus Longitudinal fissure Frontal pole Occipital pole

Structures of the Cerebrum Human Brain, Lateral View Parietal lobe Central sulcus Gyrus Occipital lobe Frontal lobe Fissure Lateral sulcus Temporal lobe

Structures of the Cerebrum Surface Lateral View Central sulcus Precentral gyrus Postcentral gyrus Parieto-occipital sulcus Parietal lobe Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Lateral sulcus Temporal lobe Transverse fissure

Structures of the Cerebrum Midsagittal Section Corpus callosum Parietal lobe Septum pellucidum Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Fornix Temporal lobe

Structures of the Cerebrum Cerebral Hemispheres Left Hemisphere Fissure Right Hemisphere Gyrus Sulcus Frontal cut Gray Matter – Cerebral cortex & Basal nuclei White Matter – Myelinated axons (fiber tracts) Ventricles

Internal Structures of the Cerebrum Frontal Section Corpus callosum Septum pellucidum Lateral Ventricles Fornix

Cerebral Cortex Histology - Recap: Pyramidal Cells of Cerebral Cortex

Functional areas of the cerebrum

Functional Mapping of Pre and Post Central Gyri

Midsagittal Section

Midsagittal Section MRI Corpus callosum Fornix Septum pellucidum

Midsagittal Section of Human Brain Corpus Callosum Lateral ventricle Third Ventricle Corpora quadrigemina Fornix Occipital lobe Diencephalon Optic chiasma Transverse fissure Pons Cerebellum

Diencephalon Corpus callosum Choroid plexus Intermediate mass Optic chiasma Hypothalamus Mammillary body Corpora quadrigemina

Structures of the Diencephalon Midsagittal Section Intermediate mass Hypothalamus Optic chiasma Infundibulum Pituitary gland Mammillary body Corpus callosum Thalamus Pineal body/gland

Structures of the Brainstem Midsagittal Section Midbrain: Corpora quadrigemina Superior colliculi Inferior colliculi Pons Medulla oblongata Cerebral peduncle

Superior cerebellar peduncle Fourth ventricle Arbor Vitae Cerebellum

Cerebellum Histology - Recap Purkinje Cells

Meninges of the Brain A mnemonic PAD from deep to superficial the layers of the meninges are pia, arachnoid, dura (they pad the brain)

Human Meninges (Outer Periosteum) Superior Sagittal Sinuses Pia Mater S k u l l Dura Mater Inner layer of Dura Mater External layer of Dura Mater (Inner Periosteum)

Dural Sinuses Superior sagittal sinus Arachnoid villus Periosteal layer Meningeal layer

Superior Sagittal Sinus

Die-cast model Cerebrospinal fluid is continually produced by the choroid plexus found in the ventricles

Ventricles Midsagittal Section of Brain Choroid Plexus Lateral Ventricle Interventricular Foramen Third Ventricle Cerebral Aqueduct Fourth Ventricle

Lateral and Third Ventricles Coronal Section White matter Corpus callosum Lateral ventricle Cerebral nuclei Third ventricle

12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves

12 Pairs of Cranial Nerves Filaments of Olfactory nerve (I) Olfactory bulb Olfactory tract Optic nerve (II) Optic chiasma Oculomotor nerve (III) Trochlear nerve (IV) Trigeminal nerve (V) Optic tract Abducens nerve (VI) Facial nerve (VII) Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Vagus nerve (X) Hypoglossal nerve (XII) Accessory nerve (XI) On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny - Very Good Vehicle Any. How Oh, Oh - To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet - AH!

The Real Olfactory Nerve Thing Optic Nerve Trigeminal Nerve Occulomotor Nerve Abducens Nerve Facial Nerve Glosso. Pharyngeal Vestibulocochlear Nerve Vagus Accessory Nerves Hypoglossal Nerve

Cranial Nerves, Human Brain Abducens Nerves Trochlear Nerves Optic Chiasma Olfactory Nerves Occulomotor Nerves Optic Nerves

Objective 2: Cerebellum Sheep Brain Dissection Pineal Gland Corpus Callosum Lateral Ventricle Corpora Quadrigemina Third Ventricle Thalamus Medulla Oblongata Pons Optic Chiasma

1 Identify the external structures (Inferior) Sheep brain structures are the same as the human brain, only slightly different sizes

2 Remove Dura mater (w/ pituitary gland) Identify the external structures (Superior) 1 2 Same structures as human brain, only slightly different size

Identify the external structures (Inferior) 1 4 2 3

3 Pull back the cerebellum to reveal Corpora Quadrigemina & Pineal Gland ?

4 Brainstem Diencephalon

Identify the internal structures 4 (Midsagittal) 2 3 1 5 4

4 Identify the Cavities Lateral 4 Ventricle Fourth Ventricle 3 Cerebral 2 Aqueduct 1 Third Ventricle