Lab 1 Arduino Basics Topics Arduino Fundamentals First

Lab 1: Arduino Basics Topics: Arduino Fundamentals, First Circuit

What is Arduino? • “Open-source prototyping platform based on easy to use HW and SW. ” o Inexpensive o Cross-platform o Simple programming environment (IDE) o Open-source SW and HW 2

Making Stuffs Using Arduino • You can connect sensors and actuators, and program your Arduino to control them. Sensors (input) Actuators (output) 3

Arduino Uno Anatomy http: //arduinoarts. com/tag/anatomy/ 4

Know Your Tools LED Resistor Bread Board Push Button Switch (all images are from Google image search) 5

Program Structure • setup() – executed once at the beginning. • loop() – it’s an infinite loop. 6

“Hello World” • Setup and Use Serial void setup() { Serial. begin(9600); // setup serial } void loop() { Serial. println(“Hello World”); //prints } to Serial console 7

Arduino Language Reference • Almost the same as C with some new things: • • setup() and loop() Constants: HIGH, LOW, INPUT, OUTPUT Digital/Analog input/output functions Library methods for – character, bits, interrupts, memory read/write, and communication. • https: //www. arduino. cc/en/Reference/Home. Page 8

Digital Read and Write • Digital IO: HIGH or LOW Output Input 9

Digital Read and Write • Digital IO: HIGH or LOW int led. Pin = 13; // LED connected to digital pin 13 int in. Pin = 7; // pushbutton connected to digital pin 7 int val = 0; // variable to store the read value void setup() { pin. Mode(in. Pin, INPUT); // sets digital pin 7 as input pin. Mode(led. Pin, OUTPUT); // sets digital pin 13 as output } void loop() { val = digital. Read(in. Pin); digital. Write(led. Pin, val); } // read the input pin (button) // sets the LED to the value 10

Analog I/O • Many sensors and actuators are analog. LED Output Input Digital pins with a “~” prefix can output simulated analog values. It’s called PWM mode. Temperature Sensor 11

Analog Read • Arduino UNO has a 10 -bit analog-to-digital converter, so input voltage mapped to [0, 1023] int analog. Pin = 3; // potentiometer middle terminal connected to analog pin 3 outside leads to ground and +5 V int val = 0; // variable to store the value read void setup() { Serial. begin(9600); // setup serial } void loop() { val = analog. Read(analog. Pin); Serial. println(val); } // read the input pin // debug value 12

Analog Write (PWM) • Analog effect with digital means. • Must be [0, 255], and it will mean “duty cycle”. pin. Mode(9, OUTPUT); int X = 100; analog. Write(9, X); An Arduino (having 5 V as its VCC) will write (5. 0 / 255) * 100 = 1. 96 V 13

Memory TYPE SIZE (UNO) USE Volatile? Flash 32 K Program space No SRAM 2 K Variables Yes EEPROM 1 K Long term information No • Optimizing SRAM use: § Use a connected smartphone/computer to move data out for calculation. § Use smaller data types (byte if you don’t need an int. ) § Use Flash memory (PROGMEM keyword) § Use EEPROM (use EEPROM library) 14

Variety of Arduino Boards 15

Expanding Arduino with ‘Shields’ Arduino + GPS Shield Arduino + Joy Stick Shield Arduino + Xbee Shield 16

Today’s Lab: “Traffic Light” • The circuit is similar to project #2 of Arduino Projects Book but the behavior (code) is different. • https: //www. arduino. cc/en/Arduino. Starter. Kit/Prj 02 17

Behavior of the “Traffic Light” Logic to Implement: • Initially only Green light stays ON. • When Green is ON and the button is pressed: • Green stays ON for 2 seconds and then goes OFF. • Yellow turns ON for and stays 2 seconds and then goes OFF. • Red turn ON and stays like this forever (or, until the next click). • When Red is ON and the button is pressed: • Red goes OFF immediately. • Green turns ON and stays like this forever (or, until next click) 18

References (study these) • https: //www. arduino. cc/en/Guide/Introduction • https: //www. arduino. cc/en/Tutorial/Foundations • https: //www. arduino. cc/en/Guide/Board. Anatomy • https: //www. arduino. cc/en/Tutorial/Digital. Pins • https: //www. arduino. cc/en/Tutorial/Analog. Input. Pins • https: //www. arduino. cc/en/Tutorial/PWM • https: //www. arduino. cc/en/Tutorial/Memory • https: //www. arduino. cc/en/Reference/Pin. Mode • https: //www. arduino. cc/en/Reference/Digital. Write • https: //www. arduino. cc/en/Reference/Digital. Read • https: //www. arduino. cc/en/Reference/Analog. Write • https: //www. arduino. cc/en/Arduino. Starter. Kit/Prj 02 19