La Francophonie What is a francophone A country

La Francophonie What is a francophone? A country outside of France where French is the main or official language.

La Francophonie Name some francophone areas in the world and approximately how many people live in those areas. Europe (65 million) Suisse, Belgique, Luxembourg, Monaco The Americas (12 million) Canada (Québec), Caribbean, US (Louisiana, New England Afrique (20 million) NW—see list Pacific & Middle East (2 million) French Polynesia (Tahiti), Vietnam, Lebanon, Laos Over 200 million Francophones throughout the world

La Francophonie Why do so many people outside of France parle français? During the late 1700’s and early 1800’s France was a colonial superpower. A result of colonization is teaching / forcing the natives to speak the language, establishing schools and French speaking settlers.

La République d’Haïti

Geography What is the name of the ENTIRE island what part of it is Haïti? Hispaniola Western 3 rd is Haïti Where is the island located? Les Antilles (West Indies) What does the word Haïti mean? “Land of Mountains” What is the capital of Haïti? Port-au-Prince

History Who discovered the island? Christophe Colombe En 1492 pour Spain

History How did France obtain Haïti and what was it called? Spain settled it but they were not interested in the west because there was little gold or silver. They had problems with pirates. Spain decided it was not worth it to fight so they gave it to the French. It was called St. Domingue.

History How did Haïti become independent and why is it so important ? 1700’s Haïti was very wealthy Thousands of slaves worked on plantations. 1789 French revolution—slavery abolished 1791 slaves revolted Pierre Toussaint L’Ouverture was a courageous slave leader. He was tricked by Napoleon and imprisoned. 1804—Haïti gained independence! 1 st independent Black nation. It is the 2 nd oldest independent nation in the West (only the United States is older).

Culture What languages do they speak? Français Créole—français, anglais, espagnol, africaines What religion do Haïtians practice? Roman Catholic Voodoo Many gods (rain, love, war and farming) Gods can possess them Rituals Voodoo drains the economy because they demand animals as payment. Blood = life People believe voodoo helped them win the revolution.

Language CREOLE ENGLISH WORDS & PHRASES Bonjou! Bonswa! Wi Mesi souple COLORS Wouj Woz Gwi Owanj Kako NUMBERS Twa Kat Senk Wit Wonz Douz Sizwit Ven WORDS & PHRASES Good morning! Good afternoon/Evening! Yes Thanks Please COLORS Red Pink Grey Orange Brown NUMBERS 3 4 5 8 11 12 18 20

The Government Describe the government of Haïti. In the past it has… Been very unstable & corrupt Suffered from violent dictatorship-stole from national treasury Who is the current president of Haïti? Michel Martelly

Lifestyle Describe the economic conditions and the lifestyles of the Haïtians. Poorest nation in Western Hemisphere Very rich OR very poor (80% live below poverty) Only 52. 9% can read or write Most are farmers—small individual farms, rarely enough to sell after feeding own family 90% of population has 1 meal a day (rice & beans) Live in small huts made of thatch roof and mud walls, outside bathroom, extended families Poor health because of unsanitary conditions

Lifestyle Kids love school—worst punishment is to get sent home from school. Parent may bring a kid back to school & spank them in front of teacher. Electricity available on a schedule, if fuel is available 2 television stations plus cable 3. 2 million cell phones and 1 million internet users because of a low cost program introduced in 2006

Economy Name some of the principle products of Haïti. Coffee (only export) Cacao Fruits Sugar cane Rice Wood carved figurines

Lifestyle What do Haïtians do to amuse themselves? Coq fighting Folk Dancing Soccer Basketball

Climate What is the climate of Haïti? Mild tropical climate

Culture What is their money called? Gourde What does their flag represent? Battle; L’union fait la Force

La Martinique et La Guadeloupe

Geography What are these islands? Overseas departments of France (DOM) Like Hawaii to the United States The citizens of these islands are citizens of France Martinique refers to 1 island, while Guadeloupe refers to a group of islands

Products What are the principles products of the islands? Sugar (white gold) Rum Fruits (bananas and pineapples) Tobacco Coffee Tourism

Culture What is their money? Euros What does their flag look like? French

History Who lived on the islands before the French settled it? Carib Indians (cannibals) they were warlike Christopher Colombe discovered Guadeloupe & Martinique Spain never settled because of Indians France settled in 1635

Inhabitants Most of the islanders are descendants of? African slaves French Mulattos What languages do they speak? Français Créole

Culture What does Créole refer to? Language and food “Spices at the bottom”

Geography What does the word Martinique mean in Carib Indian? Island of flowers What is the capital city now? Fort de France It is similar to what U. S. city? French Quarter New Orleans

Geography What was the former capital of Martinique? St. Pierre It was often referred to as… “Little Paris” of the West Indies What is the tallest volcanic mountain on the island? Mont Pelée

Caribbean Curse Explain the legend of the “Caribbean Curse” Took place in 1635 The French tried to enslave Carib Indians. The Carib Indians resisted but were finally beaten. They preferred death over slavery. Chief put a curse on French “Today you are the strongest but tomorrow the mountain of fire will avenge us”.

Caribbean Curse Because of the curse St. Pierre – Mont Pelée Le 8 mai 1902 7: 50 -8: 00 am - ville dévastée 30, 000 victims 1 survivor (prisoner) http: //www. redicecreations. com/article. php? id=10732

Compare/Contrast What are the differences between Haïti & Martinique? Haïti Poorest country in Western Hemisphere Dishonest, unstable gov’t Many natural disasters; few resources No trade partners; little to trade La Martinique Prosperous Stable government Resources to deal with any natural disasters Trade with France; sugar cane

Compare/Contrast Why is there such a difference between Haïti & Martinique? Haïti La Martinique Independent = history of Part of France = stable gov’t unstable, corrupt gov’t Was the Haitian slave revolution worth it?