La Belle poque 1871 1914 The Beautiful Era

La Belle Époque [1871 -1914] “The Beautiful Era”

La Belle Époque [1871 -1914]

Impressionism- originated with a group of Paris-based artists whose independent exhibitions brought them to prominence during the 1870 s and 1880 s. Star of the Ballet, Edgar Degas The Water Lilies- Monet

Adherents argued was a different way of seeing, it is an art of immediacy and movement, of candid poses and compositions, of the play of light expressed in a bright and varied use of colour Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette – Renoir Woman with a Parasol. Claude Monet

Post-Impressionism is a predominantly French art movement that developed roughly between 1886 and 1905 • The movement was led by Paul Cézanne (known as father of Post-impressionism), Paul Gauguin, Vincent van Gogh, and Georges Seurat. Starry Night- Vincent Van Gogh

Post-Impressionism • extended Impressionism while rejecting its limitations: they continued using vivid colors, often thick application of paint, and real-life subject matter, but were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, distort form for expressive effect, and use unnatural or arbitrary colour. Paul Gauguin

Post-Impressionism Paul Cezanne Vincent Van Gogh

Post-Impressionism Georges Seurat, A Sunday on La Grande Jatte. . . Toulouse Lautrec

Sacre Coeur • Means: sacred heart • 2 nd highest point in Paris (after Eiffel Tower) • Neighborhood called Montmarte • Built in 1875 -1914 as penance for losing Franco-Prussian War

Bell Work • In your notebooks answer the following questions: • How did the 19 th c. usher in the Modern Era in terms of science, philosophy, religion, art and literature?

1. Characteristics of La Belle Époque Materialism § Higher standard of living § Development “zones” • Inner Zone Br, Fr, Ger, Belg, No. It, W. Austria • Outer Zone Ire. , Iberian Pen. , most of Italy, Europe east of Ger. • Underdeveloped Zone Afro. Asia

Characteristics of La Belle Époque 2. Increased European Population 3. Growth of Cities & Urban Life 4. Migration from Europe § 1850 -1940 60 million left Europe § Went to US, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Australia/N. Zeal. 5. “Second” Industrial Revolution § Steam electricity § Internal combustion & diesel engines. § Cars, planes, submarines.

5. Characteristics of La Belle Époque “Second” Industrial Revolution Britain “The World’s Industrial Workshop” § Corporations limited liability of investments. § Mass production. 6. Free Trade [esp. in England] 7. World Markets [Global Economy, Part II] 8. Advance of Democracy § Extension of the vote to the working class. § Creating a “welfare state. ”

9. Characteristics of La Belle Époque The Appeal of Socialism § By the 1880 s, most socialist parties were Marxist [esp. Ger. & Fr. ] § Not very successful in England. 10. Faith in Science Alone § Science at the core of industrialization. § “New Wonders” of daily life. § Charles Darwin • Origin of Species [1859] • “survival of the fittest”

Characteristics of La Belle Époque 10. Faith in Science Alone [con’t. ] § “Social Darwinism” Herbert Spenser § Eugenics § Newtonian Science turned on its head • Einstein “Theory of Relativity” nature & energy were separate & distinct. • Max Planck Quantum Physics

Characteristics of La Belle Époque 10. Faith in Science Alone [con’t. ] § Professionalization of “new” sciences [anthropology, archeaology, etc. ] • Psychology q Ivan Pavlov conditioned responses q Sigmund Freud psychoanalysis o The Interpretation of Dreams [1900] o The role of the unconscious [the id, ego, super ego].

11. Characteristics of La Belle Époque New Trends in Philosophy § Agnosticism § Nihilism • Friedrich Nietzsche q Übermensch “Super Man” § Irrationalism § Existentialism • Sören Kierkegaard existence proceeds essence 12. Internal Religious Struggles § modernists vs. fundamentalists

Characteristics of La Belle Époque 13. Anti-Semitism § Dreyfus Affair § Theodore Herzl Der Judenstaat [The Jewish State], 1896 • “Father of Modern Zionism” 14. Women’s Movement § Emmeline Pankhurst 15. The “New” Imperialism 16. Militarism glorification of war

Activity • Each group will be assigned a topic • Create a poster that includes: 1. Major Thinkers and Theories 2. Primary Source 3. Explanation of how it contributes to the “Beautiful Era”

Groups 1. Evolution 2. New Physics 3. Behavioral Science 4. Anti-Semitism/Zionism 5. Racism 6. Agnosticism 7. Literary Realism 8. Impressionism 9. Feminism 10. Unionism