l Scientific study of interactions between organisms and
l. Scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
What shapes an ecosystem? l Biotic Factors ¡All of the living things in an environment. l. Plants, Animals, bacteria, etc. l Abiotic Factors- non living things in the environment. ¡Climate ¡Wind ¡Nutrient Availability ¡Sunlight
SUN! l. Sunlight is the main source of energy for life on Earth
Energy Transfer Producers/Autotrophs Consumers/Heterotrophs l These are organisms that use sunlight to make their own food/carbs l These are organisms that must eat other organisms for food/energy.
Producer (autorotroph) or consumer (heterotroph)?
Energy Transfer Producers/Autotrophs Consumers/Heterotrophs l These are organisms that use sunlight to make their own food/carbs l These are organisms that must eat other organisms for food/energy.
5 types of heterotrophs 1. Herbivore ¡eats plants Cow eating grass 2. Carnivore -eats animals Lion eating a zebra
4. Decomposer ¡breaks down organic matter-NO MOUTH Mushrooms are decomposers 3. Omnivore -eats plants and animals Bears mainly eat berries and fish
Crab 5. Detritivore Earthworms ¡feeds on plant and animal remains (Detrivore) (HAS A MOUTH) Mite Snail
Energy flow in an Ecosystem Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction, from the sun autotrophs heterotrophs
Food Chains Food chains show energy flows from one organism to the next. Each level in the food chain is called a trophic level. Terrestrial ecosystems have 3 or 4 levels.
Food Chains Given these organisms create a food chain. Mouse Hawk Wheat Snake
Producer Primary Consumer Secondary Consumer Tertiary Consumer
Make your own l With your team, make your own food chain ¡Start with a producer, then primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer. ¡Be ready to present in 3 minutes
Food Chain Video l https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=0 ZOvq Yyp. Ouo
Food Web l. This links all of the food chains in an ecosystem together
Food Web Video l https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v =MGODmy. Xkk. PU
l http: //www. gould. edu. au/foodwebs/africa. htm l http: //www. gould. edu. au/foodwebs/marine. htm l http: //www. gould. edu. au/foodwebs/antarctic. htm l http: //www. gould. edu. au/foodwebs/australia. htm
Energy Pyramid? Only about 10 % of the energy available within one trophic level is transferred to organisms at the next trophic level.
Where does all the energy go? The other 90% is lost as heat!!!
Ecological Pyramids ¡Biomass Pyramid l. Biomass the total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level.
Ecological Pyramids ¡Pyramid of Numbers l. A pyramid of numbers shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level.
Ecological Pyramids ¡For some ecosystems, the shape of the pyramid of numbers is the same as that of the energy and biomass pyramids. ¡However, in ecosystems where there are fewer producers than there are consumers, such as a forest ecosystem, the pyramid of numbers would not resemble a typical pyramid at all.
Carbon Cycle (Honors)-(shoulder partner) l P. 372, 373 l How does Carbon get into the food chain? l How does Carbon get into the atmosphere? l What role do decomposers play in the Carbon cycle?
Carbon Cycle l ALL living tissue has/needs some form of carbon l Plants take in CO 2, during photosynthesis l Animals release CO 2 into atmosphere during respiration(breathing/exhaling, digestin g food) l Decomposers release CO 2 as they break down/consume dead things organic compounds l Human Activity includes burning fossil fuels & vegetation l How does carbon get into food chain/atmosphere?
Carbon Cycle
Nutrient Cycles CO 2 in Atmosphere Photosynthesis feeding Volcanic activity Respiration Decomposition Human activity Erosion CO 2 in Ocean Respiration Uplift Deposition Photosynthesis Fossil fuel feeding Deposition Carbonate Rocks
Nitrogen Cycle l All organisms need nitrogen to make proteins to live and grow l Soil bacteria called nitrogen fixers change nitrogen in dead organisms, urine, and dung (poop) into nitrates plants can absorb through their roots
Nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen Cycle l Atmosphere is 78% N 2 (gas) l Nitrogen fixation. N 2 (gas) changed into nitrate so plants can use it (bacteria does this) l Dead organisms, urine, feces are broken down by decomposers
Weather vs Climate l Weather is the environmental conditions in a specific place at a specific time. ¡EX: Eastvale-TODAY-90 degrees, sunny, windy l Climate is the typical weather for a region year after year. ¡EX: Eastvale summers=hot, sunny, little rain Alaska winters=freezing, blizzards, little sunlight
Riverside 5 day forecast-Hot, sunny, over 95 B D A C Newport Beach usually has cold, foggy, rainy winters. In Rome, Italy right now it’s 95 humid, with no breeze. Eastvale is supposed to get a lot of rain on Labor Day
Cause of Climate ¡Climate is caused by: ltrapping of heat by the atmosphere llatitude ltransport of heat by winds and ocean currents lamount of precipitation lshape and elevation of landmasses
The Greenhouse Effect l The Greenhouse Effect ¡Atmospheric gases that trap the heat energy of sunlight and maintain Earth's temperature range include: lcarbon dioxide lmethane lwater vapor
The Greenhouse Effect Sunlight l. The natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth’s atmosphere by this layer of gases is called the greenhouse effect. Some heat escapes into space Greenhouse gases trap some heat Atmosphere Earth’s Surface
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