l l l Fudan University Impact of social

举出一些你所熟悉和了解的理论 l l l Fudan University 马克思主义理论 韦伯对资本主义兴起的理论 世界体系理论 Impact of social capital in neighborhoods on crime Micro-mobilization theory 4

韦伯的资本主义发展理论 (Collins, Randell. 1980. “Weber’s Last Theory of Capitalism”. American Sociological Review 45. ) Fudan University 5

Goodwin, Jeff, and Theda Skocpol. 1989. "Explaining Revolutions in the Contemporary Third World”. Politics and Society 17: 489 -509. Fudan University 6

理论的基本要素 Fudan University 7

练习 Fudan University 11

Using data collected between 1957 and 1978, from 15 samples of adults, Professor Rodgers (1982 Social Forces) found that (1) the average level of happiness reported by people under 65 years of age declined from 1957 to 1970. For this same group, the average level of happiness increased slightly from 1970 to 1978. (2) The average level of happiness reported by people age 65 and older increased from 1957 to 1978. A(the) variable(s) in this study is(are) a. b. c. d. e. Fudan University aged 65 and older less than age 65 all of these choices are variables 12

A study reported in American Sociological Review (1994) was entitled "Race Differences in Sexual Activity Among Adolescent Women. " The independent variable was probably a. b. Sexual activity Adolescence c. d. e. There is no independent variable Women Race Fudan University 13

假设 l 假设提出的方式有1）条件式陈述： 如果A， 则B。 例如 – Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A Partial Theory。John D. Mc. Carthy and Mayer N. Zald。American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 82, No. 6 (May, 1977), pp. 1212 -1241 – hypothesis 1: As the amount of discretionary resources of mass and elite publics increases, the absolute and relative amount of resources available to the SMS increases. l l Fudan University 2）函数式：A=fx (B ) 举例： wage=f(edu, exper, training) 3）差异式：A不同，B 也不同。例如，年龄不同的 人，生活方式也不同。 15

l Fudan University 17 练习

Sally begins to think about the grades she receives for class participation. Recalling her prior semester she writes down that she received a 10/10 from Ms. Smith and a 9/10 from Ms. Baxter, 4/10 from Mr. Cagney, 3/10 from Mr. Wiley and 10/10 from Ms. Dona. Examining the list she realizes that she spoke a lot in classes with Smith, Baxter and Dona and very little in her other two classes. She also notices that the classes in which she spoke have female instructors and that she rarely spoke in the two classes with male instructors. She then begins to list all her college courses, the gender of the professor and whether or not she spoke in class. She notices that she tends to speak in classes where the instructor is female and rarely speaks when the instructor is male and that her class participation grades are higher when she speaks more. Sally is using a. Inductive reasoning（归纳） b. Qualitative analysis c. Deductive reasoning（演绎） d. Ordinary human inquiry Fudan University 18