l l He was a lovely boy clad
l l 英语语言也同样具有生动的形象性，力图以各 种语言手段在读者的脑海中塑造生动鲜明的形 象，以达到表情达意的效果。例如 He was a lovely boy, clad in skeleton leaves and the juices that ooze out of trees but the most entrancing thing about him was that he had all his first teeth. When he saw she was a grown-up, he gnashed the little pearls at her.
When they entered, they found hanging upon the wall a splendid portrait of their master as they had last seen him, in all the wonder of his exquisite youth and beauty. Lying on the floor was a dead man, in evening dress, with a knife in his heart. He was withered, wrinkled, and loathsome of visage. It was not till they had examined the rings that they recognized who it was.
● 练习 l l 1、They had been through it all at his side --- the bruising battles, the humiliations of the defeat…. Through empty mid -1960 s ---- until at last, in 1968, they were able to savor the sweet taste of triumph. 他们始终站在他的一边，经历过残酷的厮杀，忍受过辛酸的失败， 熬过了一事无成的六十年代中期，好不容易挨到一九六八年，他们才 尝到了胜利的甜头。 2、Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。 3、The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress. 仆人们愿意服侍她，就象他们愿意服侍他们的女主人一样。
l 4、 At the time of Kennedy’s assassination, Kissinger felt that a second term would have led either to greatness or to disaster. 肯尼迪遇刺时，基辛格认为，如果肯尼迪再任 一届总统的话，不是丰功伟业就是灾难重重。 5、 Histories make men wise; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 历史使人明智，诗歌使人遐想，数学使人精细， 科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞使人善辩。 6、The old man said, “they say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are. ” 老人说，“听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。 他过去也许和我们现在一样穷。”
●翻译练习 l 在翻译下列句子时请使用增补法或省略法。 1、Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. 2、After the football match, he’s got an important meeting. 3、Basically, theory proposed, among other things, that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light. 4、The journey which has brought me to Peking has been a very long one. Long when measured in miles. Long when measured in time. 5、Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 6、It is better to do well than to say well. 7、In September 1939, the Second World War broke out. 8、If you write to him, the response would be absolute silence and void. 9、Anyone who does not recognize this fact is not a materialist 10．Sunday is the day when I am least busy.
l a. 反说正译： Don’t lose time in posting this letter. The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us. 这件事引起了我们的重视。 Elliott was too clever not see that many of the persons who accepted his invitation did so only to get a free meal and that of these some were stupid and some worthless. 艾略特是一个聪明人。他定能看得出许多接受他邀请 的人只是为了来吃一顿不花钱的饭。他知道这些人有的愚 不可及，有的则微不足道。 Hitler’s undisguised effort to persecute the Jews met with world-wide condemnation. 希特勒对犹太人的露骨迫害行为受到全世界的谴责。
l b. 正说反译 l 英语中很多词本身就含有否定意义，beyond, absent, stop, bad, avoid, exclude, except, doubt, resistant, refuse, few, little, 这类 词在翻译中要译出它的含有的否定意义。 Children were excluded from getting in the building. 孩子不许进入这幢楼房。 I have fallen behind with my correspondence. 我有一些信件没有及时答复。 Fully clothed, he fell across his bunk and was instantly sleep. 他衣服也不脱往床铺上横着一躺，很快就睡着了。 Sir William and Lady Lucas are determined to go, merely on that account, for in general you know they visit no new comers. 卢卡斯爵士夫妇打定主意要去，还不就是为了这个缘故，因为你知道， 他们通常是不去拜访新搬来的邻居的。
●翻译练习 l l l 在翻译下列句子时请使用正反译法。 1、The world today is far from peaceful. 2、Africa is not kicking out Western imperialism in order to invite other new masters. 3、Mr. White has refrained from making any official comment on the coup in that country. 4、Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you? 5、His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation. 6、The idea that he should become an assistant to his boss has never deserted him. 7、The window refuses to open. 窗户打不开。 8、The explanation is pretty thin. 这个解释站不住脚。 9、Such a chance denied me. 我没有得到这个机会。 10、He was 75, but he carried his years lightly. 他 75岁了，可是并不显老。
l One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world. 发言人相继表示要打倒帝国主义，消灭人剥削人的制度， 解放全世界被压迫的人民。 His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph. 无论什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。 The overthrow of the Caetano dictatorship has demonstrated again the futility of the colonial wars. 卡埃塔独裁统治被推翻，再一次证明进行殖民战争是枉费 心机。
●翻译练习 l l l 在翻译下列句子时请注意词性或语态的转变。 1、We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars. 2、No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back 36 years ago. 3、Little by little they went along the entire coast of the Arctic Ocean, making careful observation on the way. 4、Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. 5、Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. 6、他因为迟到而向老师道歉。 7、从这篇文章中你能得出什么结论。 8、If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing. 9、It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession pf a good fortune must be in want of a wife. 10．Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market.
a、分句法 l l The good tidings filled the whole nation with joy. 捷报传来，举国欢腾。 There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I met. (拆开定 语从句) 我访问过一些地方，遇到不少人，要谈起来，奇妙的事可 多着呢。 It was sufficient that there was tenderness in her eyes, weakness in her manner, good nature and hope in her thoughts. (拆开名词从句) 只要她眼睛里含情脉脉，举止里透漏着娇柔，思想里 洋溢着善良和希望，这就够了。 After singing a concert in this city, he said he wanted to greet his admires backstage as he always does. (拆开状语从句) 他在那个城市演唱了一场音乐会。 音乐会结束了以 后，他提出要像往常那样到后台去见见他的崇拜者。
●练习 l 运用分句与合句的翻译技巧翻译下列句子： l 1． In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours. 2． Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me? 3． Alchemists made resultless efforts to transform one metal into another. 4． The time could have been more profitably spent in making a detailed investigation. 5． She was not ugly; she had simply a plain dull, gentle, countenance.
l l 6． The book is so lovely that I was simply taken away. 7． Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. l 8． In her face were two sharply blended the delicate features of her mother, a coast aristocrat of French descent, and the heavy ones of her florid Irish father. l 9． There is now a single accepted pronunciation for the vast majority of words in ordinary polite use, deviation from which is regarded either as a provincialism or as a vulgarism. l 10． Three rains had passed, and it was that lean season when the village’s store of grain and other dried foods from the last harvest was almost gone.
l 例如： Love me, love my dog. 爱屋及乌。 a lion in the way 拦路虎 lick one’s boots 拍马屁 Diamond cuts diamond 棋逢对手 A flash in a pan 昙花一现 Have one foot in the grave 风烛残年 To grow like mushrooms 雨后春笋 One boy is a boy，two boys half a boy， three boys nobody． 一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚 抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。
●练习： l 请用“归化”的翻译方法，翻译下面几句话： ⑴ Lead a dog's life ⑵ Jack of all trades ⑶ A drowned rat ⑷ Let the cat out of the bag. ⑸ Every dog has his day. ⑹ Don't shed crocodile tears to me; you know you are really glad that they're met with misfortune. ⑺ Your honor, I confess the corn. I was royally drunk. ⑻ Don't play your ace in the hole until the critical moment. ⑼ The gravy train is just not for me. ⑽ George Washington adopted a Fabian policy during the war of Independence.
●练习： l 请用“异化”的翻译方法翻译下面十个句子。 ⑴ Armed to teeth ⑵ Meet one's Waterloo ⑶ Dark horse ⑷ Crocodile tears ⑸ Ivory tower ⑹ He looked cool in his new clothes. ⑺ This is the last supper in our college life. ⑻ The cold war between the husband wife ended when the husband found a better job. ⑼ The fear that the Black Monday might return soon alarmed these Wall Streeters. ⑽ The wealth he had boasted for years turned out to be the emperor's new clothes.
l Translation : Qin-shi was surprised to hear Bao-yu call out her childhood name in his sleep, but did not like to pursue the matter. As she stood wondering, Bao-yu, who was still bemused after his dream and not yet in full possession of his faculties, got out of bed and began to stretch himself and to adjust his clothes, assisted by Aroma. As she was doing up his trousers, her hand, chancing to stray over his thigh, came into contact with something cold and sticky which caused her to draw it back in alarm and ask him if he was all right. Instead of answering, he merely reddened and gave the hand a squeeze. Aroma had always been an intelligent girl. She was, in any case, a year or two older than Bao-yu and had recently begun to have some understanding of the facts of life. Observing the condition that Bao -yu was in, she therefore had more than an inkling of what had happened. Abandoning her question, she busied herself with his clothes, her cheeks suffused by a crimson blush of embarrassment. (Translated by David Hawkes) （原文一段，译文两段，改变了原文的语篇结构；姓名翻译使用了拼音和意 译两种手段；局部地方的行文角度与杨氏夫妇的也有所不同。保留了原文的 朦胧笔触，但较多地渲染了有关情境。）
l l 2 话说周瑞家的送走了刘姥姥去后，便上来回王夫人话，谁知王 夫人不在上房，问丫鬟们，方知往薛姨妈那边说话儿去了。周瑞 家的听说便出东角门，过东院，往梨香院来。 Translation 1 : When Zhou Rui’s wife had finished seeing off Grannie Liu, she went to Lady Wang’s place to report. Lady Wang, however, was not in her apartment. The maids said that she had gone off to visit Aunt Xue. Zhou Rui’s wife accordingly went out by the gate in the east corner of the compound, crossed the eastern courtyard, and made her way to Pear Tree Court. (Translated by David Hawkes) （译文紧扣原文，用另一种方式意译了梨香院。）
l Translation 2: Having seen off Granny Liu, Mrs. Zhou went to Lady Wang, reporting Granny Liu’s departure, to find that Lady Wang was not in. Asked, the maids informed her that she had gone to Aunt Xue’s for a chat. Then Mrs. Zhou went through the east corner gate, crossed the east yard and went to Lixiang Yard. （译文紧扣原文，半音半意译了梨香院，遣词造句也 较两种前译有所不同。）
l l 3 话说宝玉和凤姐回家，见过众人，宝玉回明贾母要约秦钟上家 塾之事，自己也有个伴读的朋友，正好发奋；又着实称赞秦钟人 品行事，最是可人怜爱的。 Translation 1: After Hsi-feng and Pao-yu reached home and had paid their greetings, Pao-yu told the Lady Dowager of Chin Chung’s eagerness to attend their clan school, and the incentive it would be for him to have a friend and companion in his studies. He painted a glowing picture of the other boy’s admirable character and lovable qualities. (Translated by Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang) （译文基本上紧扣原文，遣词地道，意译贾母。）
l Translation 2: When Bao-yu and Xi-feng were back and had seen the others, Bao-yu told Grandmother Jia of his wish to have Qin Zhong admitted to the clan school. He pointed out that a congenial studycompanion would stimulate him to greater effort and gave her a glowing account of Qin Zhong’s amiable qualities. (Translated by David Hawkes) （译文紧扣原文意义，遣词造句近似写作，半音半意 译了贾母。）
二、《飘》汉译 l 1、Her eyes were. pale green without a tough of hazel, starred with bristly black lashes and slightly tilted at the ends. Above them, her thick black brows slanted upward, cutting a startling oblique line in her magnolia-white skin. (Mitchell 3)
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