Kyrgyz Republic National Academy of Sciences Biotechnology Institute

Kyrgyz Republic National Academy of Sciences Biotechnology Institute ”Conservation of endemic and rare plants of the Kyrgyzstan and study of their potential biomedical properties by biotechnology methods” Dr. Anara R. Umralina

Kyrgyzstan is one of the world centers of the origin of culture plants. In the country there is significantly noteworthy taxonomic variety – 4200 species of high plants and high degree of endemism Eremurus cristatus Phlomoides fetisowii Pyrethrum sovetkinae Campanula eugenica Hedysarum chaitocarpum Iridodictyum winkleri

Ex situ conservation of plant biodiversity and its practical use with the methods of biotechnology Native plants Seeds Herbarium Seed bank Establishment in vitro Micropropagation Isolated roots Genetically pasportization Analysis of BAS Hairy roots Selected of perspective lines Development the controlled environment for biomass cultivation (bioreactor) Seed bank Pre-clinical tests Herbarium found Collections of cultures E-data base

Maintenance and accession of the seed bank of Kyrgyzstan’s wild flora: collection and processing of seeds • • Collection is conducted in all regions of the republic. Expeditions are financed by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew – Millennium seed bank. Storage in the seed bank is carried out at two low-temperature regimes at -20°C and in liquid nitrogen at -196°C. Seed processing is carried out according to the conventional techniques with consideration of the key elements of the genetic bank standards

Current state of the seed bank Total species Prevalent collected species Endemics and sub-endemics Rare species Species included into the Red Book Total qty 1093 546 526 136 43 In the MSB 1039 522 499 112 41 In our seed bank 1038 519 500 133 41

Screenshots of E-DB

Biotechnology of medicinal plants Patent ЕА № 019010 for callus culture Patent ЕА № 020503 for root culture

Main flavones of Scutellaria plant roots Aglycones – baicalein and wogonin • Glucuronides – baicalin and wogonoside Why wogonin and its glucuronide wogonoside are so interesting? This group of flavones was not adequately investigated until 2007 since their content in native roots of S. baicalensis is inappreciably small compared to with the baicalein and baicalin content: wogonin concentration not exceeds 1% and plants themselves are under extinction. In 2007 it was found out that flavone wogonin selectively induces apoptosis only oncogenic cells, not affecting normally growing cells, meaning that it is possible to develop unique selectively acting cytotoxic drug on its base. At present the mechanism of wogonin selective action is studied, and a group of scientists in the German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg, is actively working in this direction. There is a lack of natural source of wogonin production, and chemical synthesis of flavones did not show positive results for the present. In this situation the large-scale cultivation of isolated growing skullcap roots can be successfully used for wogonin production.

hairy roots wogonoside seedling roots wogonin baicalein roots of intact plant baicalin OCH 3 RO O HO HO O wogonin R=H wogonoside R= glucuronic acid HO O baicalein R=H baicalin R= glucuronic acid Flavone content in hairy roots, seedling roots and roots of intact plant of Scutellaria andrachnoides

Wogonin Baicalein Wogonoside Baicalin NR – roots of intact plant HR – hairy roots SR – seedling roots - Baicalein + baicalin - Wogonin + wogonoside - Total content Flavone content in plant material of Scutellaria baicalensis and Scutellaria sp.

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