Kv W G Kvg Subject Code 67054 Presented
K¨v. W GÛ K¨vg Subject Code : 67054 Presented By Samiha Sultana Part Time [TEC - Computer] Bangladesh Institute of Glass & Ceramic
Aa¨vq - 3 w. RI‡gw. UªK¨vj g‡Wj Ges g‡Wwjs †KŠkj (Geometrical Model and Modeling Techniques)
m~w. PcÎ 3. 1 3. 2 3. 3 3. 4 3. 5 3. 6 3. 7 w. RI‡gw. UªK¨vj mwj. W g‡W‡ji ms. Mv 2 -D & 3 -D g‡Wj †KŠkj Ges Wv. B‡gbkb UªvÝdi‡gk‡bi e. Y©bv ‡jqvi, Kvjvi, w. MÖW, MÖæc, Wªvw. Ms, A‡_v© Ges UªvÝdi‡gk‡bi e¨v. L¨v gw. Wdv. B, A¨v‡bv‡Ukb, eøKm, Bbmv. U©, n¨v. P, †j-Av. DU Ges †Ug‡cø‡Ui e. Y©bv wf. D †m. U I fv. Py©qvj wi‡qwj. Rg e¨v. L¨v. Ki. Y Iq¨vi‡d «g, we-‡id, wm. Gmw. R Ges nv. BweªW g‡Wwjs Gi e. Y©bv mvi‡dm g‡Wwjs 1 6 19 21 23 25 29
3. 1 Define geometrical solid models (w. RI‡gw. UªK¨vj mwj. W g‡W‡ji ms. Mv ) Kw¤úDUvi GB‡WW w. WRv. B‡b w. RI‡gw. Uª‡Kj g‡Wwjs Ae‡R‡±i R¨vwgw. ZK myms. MZ Mvw. Yw. ZK e. Y©bv †`q Ges wmwc. BD n‡Z wm. Mbv‡ji gva¨‡g Ae‡R‡±i `„k¨ cÖ`k©b K‡i| Giæc cÖ`wk©Z Ges cÖ‡ÿwc. Z Ae‡R‡±i g‡Wj‡K w. RI‡gw. UªK mwj. W g‡Wj e‡j| w. RI‡gw. Uª‡Kj g‡Wwjs e¨env‡i w. Zb ai‡bi wb‡`©kbv Kw¤úDUv‡i cÖ‡qv. M K‡i Av. Bwmw. R (B›Uv‡i. Kw. Uf Kw¤úDUvi MÖvwd·) c×w. Z‡Z K¨v‡_v. W †i w. UDe-G MÖvwd. K¨vj `„k¨vewj ˆZwi K‡i _v‡K| h_v---- 1) 2) 3) cÖ_g ai‡bi KgvÛ t †ewm. K w. RI‡gw. UªK g‡Wwjs, †hgb -c‡q›U, †i. Lv, e„Ë ˆZwi K‡i| wØZxq ai‡bi KgvÛ t ‡¯‹wjs, †iv‡Ukb Av_ev Ab¨vb¨ ¯’‡j Gwj‡g‡›Ui ¯’vbvšÍ‡i e¨eüZ nq| Z…Zxq ai‡bi KgvÛ t bvbvwea Gwj‡g›Um‡K - Gi Kvw • ÿZ Av. Kv‡I wgwj. ZKi‡b e¨eüZ nq| 1
w. RI‡gw. Uª‡Kj g‡Wwjs-G Ae‡R±‡K w. Zbfv‡e D‡jøL Kiv nq, h_v-1) 2) 3) Iq¨vi †d «g mwwj. W Kb÷ªv. Kw. Uf Iq¨i‡d «g Iq¨vi gv‡b Zvi Ges †d «g gv‡b Kv. Vv‡gv| Iq¨vi†d «g g‡Wj n‡”Q Zvi w`‡q ˆZwi Kv. Vv‡gvi b¨vq g‡Wj| A‡Uv. K¨v. W -G jv. Bb, Av. K© ev cwjjv. B‡bi mgš^‡q wewfbœ Zj e¨envi K‡i Iq¨vi†d «g Kiv nq| Iq¨vi†d «g g‡W‡j x, y, z w. Zbw. U ¯’vbv¼B e¨envi Kiv nq| †h. Lv‡b †Kv‡bv 3 D Ae‡R± _v‡K bv Ges †Kv‡bv 2 D Ae‡R± _v‡K bv| w. PÎ t Iq¨i‡d «g 2
Iq¨vi †d «g w. RI‡gw. Uª‡Kj g‡Wwjs‡K B›Uv‡i. Kw. Uf Kw¤úDUvi MÖvwd‡·i mvg_¨© Abyhvqx w. Zb fv‡M fv. M Kiv hvq, h_v-- 1) 2 D (Two dimentional) • d¬v. U Ae‡R‡±i Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| 2) 21/2 D (Two and half dimentional) • hv Uz Wv. B‡gbkbvj Gi †ÿ‡G Dc‡hv. Mxbq Ges w_ª Wv. B‡gbkbv‡ji Rb¨ Wv. Uv msiÿY K‡I bv Giæc †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ nq| 3) 3 D (Three dimentional) • Awa. K Rw. Uj w. RI‡gw. Uª‡K c~Y© e. Y©bv‡Z e¨eüZ nq| 3
mwj. W Iq¨vi†d «g g‡Wwjs n‡”Q cÖ‡qv. Rbxq GKgvwÎK Gbw. Um (Kvf©) ev wØgvwÎK Gbw. Um (mvi‡dm) -Gi e¨env‡i ˆÎgvwÎK mwj. W cÖ‡qv‡M Av. K…w. ZMZ g‡W‡ji cÖv. K…w. ZK we¯Í…w. Z| G‡Z wewfbœ ai‡bi mwj. W Ae‡R‡±i †k. Bc, †hgb- e·, †Wvg, †Kvb, I‡q. RW B”Qvg‡Zv Wª K‡i wewfbœfv‡e †gvw. Wwd‡Kkb. I Kiv hvq& †h. Lv‡b †Kv‡bv 2 D Ae‡‡R±‡K mivmwi 3 D Ae‡‡R± G iæcvšÍi Kiv hvq | w. PÎ t mwj. W 4
Kb÷ªv. Kw. Uf mwj. W w. RI‡gw. UªK mij w. PÎ, †hgb- Nb. K, wmwjÛvi, †Mvj. K, †Kvbm Giæc Gwj‡g›U‡mi g‡a¨ mgš^q mva‡bi gva¨‡g 3 D g‡Wj ‰Zwi Kiv hvq| 2 D Ae‡‡R±‡K mivmwi 3 D Ae‡‡R± G iæcvšÍi Kiv hvq | w. PÎ t Kb÷ªv. Kw. Uf 5
3. 2 Describe 2 -D & 3 -D model technic and dimension transformation (2 -D & 3 -D g‡Wj †KŠkj Ges Wv. B‡gbkb UªvÝdi‡gk‡bi e. Y©bv) 1) 2 D w. Wm‡cø K‡›Uªvj myweav Kw¤úDUvi GB‡WW w. WRv. Bb GKw. U mvavi. Y Ae‡R‡±i R¨vwgw. ZK myms. MZ Mvw. Yw. ZK e. Y©bv wmwc. BD n‡Z wm. Mbv‡ji gva¨‡g Ae‡R‡±i `„k¨ cÖ`k©b Ges cÖ‡ÿc. Y K‡i| mvavi. YZ d¬v. U Ae‡R‡±i Rb¨ Uz Wv. B‡gbkbvj w. Wm‡cø K‡›Uªvj e¨eüZ nq| 2) 3 D w. Wm‡cø K‡›Uªvj myweav Awa. KZi Rw. Uj w. RI‡gw. Uª‡K c~Y© e. Y©bvi Rb¨ w_ª Wv. B‡gbkbvj w. Wm‡cø K‡›Uªvj myweav. Rb. K| Rw. Uj Av. K…w. Zi Ae‡R‡±‡K K‡Lv‡bv Iq¨vi ‡d «g c×w. Z‡Z c~Y©v½fv‡e cÖKvk Kiv m¤¢e nq bv| G‡ÿ‡Î †Wm jv. Bb Ges wn‡Wb jv. Bb cwigv. R©b cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g Awa. KZi Dbœqb m¤¢e| 6
2 -D †_‡K 3 -D †Z iæcvšÍ‡ii cÖwµqv 2 Dimensional Drawing Extrude Front View Carry out Boolean Operators or side & Top view 3 D CAD model Errors Perform individual operations Final Model Convert to STL or Neutral CAD Formal 7
Ae‡R± UªvÝdi‡gkb ‡gwbcy‡jkb Mvw. Yw. ZK Kvh©µg‡K Ae‡R± UªvÝdi‡gkb e‡j| Gw. U ¯’vbv¼ UªvÝdi‡gk‡bi Abyiæc g‡Wj UªvÝdi‡gkb cÖwµqv| A_v©r †Kv‡bv Ae‡R±‡K gyf, Gwb‡gkb Ki‡Z †M‡j Ae‡R±w. U †iv‡UU, †¯‹wjs Kivi Rb¨ UªvÝdi‡gkb Gi cÖ‡qv. Rb nq| 2 D – Transformation (Translation, Rotation, Scaling) ‡Kv‡bv GKw. U Ae‡R±‡K wbw`©ó `~i‡Z¡ Uªv݇j. U (evov‡bv) 1. Uªv݇jkb (Translation) t nq| y P’(x’, y’) P(x, y) t o Translation x 8
Uªv݇jkb w. Wm‡UÝ, t tx = x direction ty = y direction x’ = x+tx y’ = y+ty Matrix Form x’ Where, P’= y’ P’= T+P x’ y’ = tx ty + , T= tx ty , P= x y tx+x = ty+y x+tx = y+ty 9
2. ‡iv‡Ukb (Rotation) t ‡Kv‡bv GKw. U Ae‡R±‡K wbw`©ó A¨v‡½‡j ‡iv‡UU (Nyiv‡bv) nq| Co-ordinate value y P’(x’, y’) y’ r ɵ o r s) u o ne e t po P(x, y) (hy y (perpendicular/opposite) ø x’ x (base) x Rotation 10
P’(x’, y’) r y’ (ø+ɵ) x’ w. PÎ †_‡K cv. B, cos(ø+ɵ) = base/hypo cos(ø+ɵ) = x’/ r x’ = r cos(ø+ɵ) ………. (1) sin(ø+ɵ) = oppo/hypo sin(ø+ɵ) = y’/ r y’ = r sin(ø+ɵ) ………. (2) Cos(A+B) = cos. A cos. B – sin. A sin. B Sin(A+B) = sin. A cos. B – cos. A sin. B (1) bs †_‡K cv. B, (2) bs †_‡K cv. B, x’ = r cos(ø+ɵ) = r [cosø cosɵ - sinø sinɵ] = r cosø cosɵ - r sinø sinɵ ………. (3) y’ = r sin(ø+ɵ) = r [sinsø cosɵ + cosø sinɵ] = r sinø cosɵ + r cosø sinɵ ………. (4) 11
P(x, y) r y (ɵ) x w. PÎ †_‡K cv. B, cosø = base/hypo cosø = x/ r x = r cosø ………. (5) sinø = oppo/hypo sinø = y/ r y = r sinø ………. (6) x I y Gi gvb (3) bs G ewm‡q cv. B, x I y Gi gvb (4) bs G ewm‡q cv. B, x = r cosø cosɵ - r sinø sinɵ = x cosɵ - y sinɵ Rotation, R = y = r sinø cosɵ + r cosø sinɵ = x sinɵ + y cosɵ - sinɵ cosɵ Previous Co-ordinate, P’= RP x’ y’ = cosɵ - sinɵ cosɵ x y 12
2. ‡¯‹wjs (Scaling) t ‡Kv‡bv GKw. U Ae‡R± Gi mv. BR cwie. Z©b Kiv nq| y P’(x’, y’) P(x, y) o x Scaling x’ = x. dx y’ = y. dy Where, dx = scaling factor in x direction dy = scaling factor in y direction P’ = dm. P x’ y’ = dx 0 0 dy x y dx×x+0×y = 0×y+dy×y xdx = ydy 13
3 D – Transformation (Translation, Rotation, Scaling) ‡Kv‡bv GKw. U Ae‡R±‡K wbw`©ó `~i‡Z¡ Uªv݇j. U (evov‡bv) 1. Uªv݇jkb (Translation) t nq| y P’(x’, y’, z’) P(x, y, z) Z o x Translation 14
Uªv݇jkb w. Wm‡UÝ, t tx = x direction ty = y direction tz = z direction x’ = x+tx y’ = y+ty z‘ = z+tz Matrix Form Where, P’= T+P x’ y’ z’ tx = ty + tz tx+x = ty+y tz+z x+tx = y+ty z+tz x y z x’ y’ z’ , T= tx ty tz , P= x y z 15
2. ‡iv‡Ukb (Rotation) t Rotation about Z-axis ‡Kv‡bv GKw. U Ae‡R±‡K wbw`©ó A¨v‡½‡j ‡iv‡UU (Nyiv‡bv) nq| Rotation about X-axis y y P’(x’, y’, z’) Z o P(x, y, z) z’ = z x‘ = x cosɵ - y sinɵ y‘ = x sinɵ + y cosɵ x Z P’(x’, y’, z’) Rotation about Y-axis y P’(x’, y’, z’) x o P(x, y, z) x’ = x y‘ = y cosɵ - z sinɵ z‘ = y sinɵ + z cosɵ Z P(x, y, z) o x y’ = y z‘ = z cosɵ - x sinɵ y‘ = z sinɵ + x cosɵ 16
P’= RP cosɵ -sinɵ 0 x’ y’ = sinɵ cosɵ 0 z’ 0 0 1 P’= RP x Y z 1 0 0 x’ y’ = 0 cosɵ -sinɵ z’ 0 sinɵ cosɵ P’= RP x Y z cosɵ 0 sinɵ x’ y’ = 0 1 0 z’ -sinɵ 0 cosɵ x Y z = cosɵ×x-sinɵ×y+0×z sinɵ×x+cosɵ×y+0×z 0×x+0×y+1×z 1×x+0×y+0×z = 0×x+cosɵ×y-sinɵ×z 0×x+sinɵ×y+cosɵ×z cosɵ×x+0×y+sinɵ×z = 0×x+1×y+0×z -sinɵ×x+0×y+cosɵ×z = xcosɵ-ysinɵ xsinɵ+ycosɵ z x = ycosɵ-zsinɵ ysinɵ+zcosɵ xcosɵ+zsinɵ = y -xsinɵ+zcosɵ 17
2. ‡¯‹wjs (Scaling) t ‡Kv‡bv GKw. U Ae‡R± Gi mv. BR cwie. Z©b Kiv nq| y P’(x’, y’) P(x, y) o x Scaling x’ = x. dx y’ = y. dy z‘ = z. dz Where, dx = scaling factor in x direction dy = scaling factor in y direction dz = scaling factor in z direction P’ = dm. P x’ y’ z‘ dx 0 0 = 0 dy 0 0 0 dz x y z dx×x+0×y+0×z = 0×x+dy×y+0×z 0×x+0×y+dz×z = xdx ydy zdz 18
3. 3 Explain the terms: layer, colors, grids, groups, draggings, ortho & transformation (‡jqvi, Kvjvi, w. MÖW, MÖæc, Wªvw. Ms, A‡_v© Ges UªvÝdi‡gk‡bi e¨v. L¨v) ‡jqvi A‡Uv. K¨v. W Wªwqs G †jqvi GKw. U ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask| e„nr Av. K…w. Zi ev GKvwa. K cv. U©m ev Askwewkó w. WRv. B‡bi †ÿ‡Î Gw. U e¨envi Kiv nq| Gi gva¨‡g --1) 2) 3) 4) Kvjvi w. M ÖW b. Zzb †jqvi ˆZwi Kiv| †Kv‡bv GKw. U †jqvi‡K Kv‡i›U †jqvi wn‡m‡e †m. U Kiv| jv&&&&&Bb Uv. Bc‡m. U Kivi Rb¨| ‡jqvi‡K Ab/Ad ev wd «R Ki‡Z| A‡Uv. K¨v. W G Kvjvi Kgv‡Ûi mvnv‡h¨ Wªwqs Gi Kvjvi †m. U Kiv nq| A‡Uv. K¨v. W G 256 cÖKvi Kw¤^‡bkb Kvjvi i‡q‡Q| g~j 7 w. U †ewk e¨eüZ nq, hv ÷¨vÛv. W© Kvjvi wn‡m‡e cwiw. Pw. Z| wbw`©÷ `~i‡Z¡ †iv, Kjvg Gi Rb¨ MÖvc. Gi b¨vq jv. Bb cÖ`wk©Z n. Iqv‡K w. MÖW e‡j| GK jv. Bb †_‡K Aci jv. B‡bi `~i. Z¡‡K w. MÖW †¯úwms e‡j| 19
MÖ æc Wªvw Ms A‡_v© e„nr Av. K…w. Zi ev GKvwa. K Askwewkó w. WRv. B‡bi †ÿ‡Î Ask¸‡jv‡K Avjv`vfv‡e w. WRv. Bb Kiv nq| m. Kj Ae‡R±mg~n‡K GKw. U wbw`©ó bv‡g GKwÎZ Kivi c×w. ZB n‡jv MÖæc| Kwc Ges gyf KgvÛ e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î e¯‘‡K GK ¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii Rb¨ †em c‡q›U wm‡j± Kivi ci gv. Dm‡K bov. Pov Kivi mv‡_ Ae‡R±w. U Kvm©‡ii mv‡_ ¯’vb cwie. Z©b Kiv. B n‡jv Wªvw. Ms| A‡_v© KgvÛ mvavi. YZ jv. Bb KgvÛ Pvjy Ae¯’vq jv. Bb‡K A¨vw·m Gi mv‡c‡ÿ 0º, 90º, 180º, 270º ‡Z Wª Ki‡Z Ab Kiv nq, A_©vr A‡_©v Pvjy Ae¯’vq A¨v‡½‡j jv. Bb Uvbv hv‡e bv| dvskb Kx F 8 e¨envi K‡i Ortho on/off Kiv hvq| (A_ev Ctrl+0 GK mv‡_ Pvc‡j A‡_v© g‡Wj Ab n‡e A_ev dvskb Kx †cÖm Ki‡j A‡_v© Ab/Ad Kiv hvq| UªvÝdi‡gkb mvavi. YZ †Kv‡bv Ae‡R±‡K GK¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨¯’v‡b ¯’vbvšÍi Ki‡Z UªvÝdi‡gkb KgvÛ e¨eüZ nq, †hgb—Kwc, gyf BZ¨vw`| mwj. W Ae‡R± ‰Zwii †ÿ‡Î Gme KgvÛ e¨envi K‡i c~Y©v½ e¯‘ / Ae‡R± ˆZwi Kiv hvq| hvq 20
3. 4 Describe modify, annotation, blocks, inserts, hatches, layouts and template(gw. Wdv. B, A¨v‡bv‡Ukb, eøKm, Bbmv. U©, n¨v. P, †j-Av. DU Ges †Ug‡cø‡Ui e. Y©bv) gw. Wdv. B A‡Uv‡gkb eøKm & Av. K©, mv‡K©j, Bwjcm&, jv. Bb, wcjv. Bb cwj. Mb, Gmwcjv. Bb, Bwjcm& Av. K© BZ¨vw` Wªwqs KgvÛ¸‡jv e¨ennvi K‡i †h 2 D wf. D ‰Zwi Kiv nq, †m¸‡jv‡K Kwc, G¨v‡i, gyf, †iv‡UU, w. Uªg, wd‡j. U, †Pçvi BZ¨vw` gw. Wdv. B KgvÛ e¨envi K‡i cÖ‡qv. Rbxq Ae‡R± ˆZwi Kiv nq| w. RI‡gw. UªK Wªwqs †hgb- cø¨vb, Gwj‡fkb †m. Kkb BZ¨vw` Kivi ci G¸‡jv‡K Ab¨‡K mn‡R ey. Sv‡bvi Rb¨ wewfbœ cÖKvi w. Pý, †hgb-- †bv. U Wv. B‡gbkb, Ujv‡iÝ BZ¨vw` hy³ Kiv nq| Abyiæcfv‡e K¨v. W Wªwqs Gi fvlvq G ai‡bi hy³ Kiv‡K A¨v‡bv‡Ukb e‡j| Gi mvnv‡h¨ wewfbœ ev GKB ai‡bi GK ev GKvwa. K Ae‡R‡±i mgš^‡q GKw. U Ae‡R± ˆZwi Kiv hvq| eøK G gyf, Kwc, B‡i. R BZ¨vw` Kgv‡Ûi Kv. R Kiv hvq| eøK ‡K †h‡Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b , †h‡Kv‡bv †¯‹‡j Ges A¨v‡½j G Bbmv. U© Kiv hvq| Avevi Aÿ Abymv‡i x, y, z Gi w`‡K c„_K †¯‹‡j. I Bbmv. U© Kiv hvq| A‡Uv. K¨v. W G eøK Ges MÖæc Kiv nq wewfbœ ai‡bi e¯‘i mgš^‡q GKw. U Ae‡R± MV‡bi Rb¨| 21
Bbmv. U© n¨v. P Ae‡R± ev Wªwqs Gi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv cÖKvi eøK _v. K‡j †m¸‡jv Wªwqs G ¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ Bbmv. U© KgvÛ e¨envi Kiv nq| Wªwqs. Gi †Kv‡bv we‡kl Ask‡K ev †m. Kkb Wªwqs Gi †ÿ‡Î †m. Kkbvj wf. D ey. Sv‡Z G KgvÛ e¨envi Kiv nq| ‡j-Av. DU Ges †Ug‡cøU Ae‡R± ev Wªwqs Gi †j. Av. DU Ges †Ug‡cøU ˆZwi‡Z GB KgvÛ e¨envi Kiv nq| 22
3. 5 Explaining view sets & virtual realism (wf. D †m. U I fv. Py©qvj wi‡qwj. Rg e¨v. L¨v. Ki. Y) wf. D GKw. U Ae‡R± ˆZwi Kivi ciÔ Zv c~Yv©½fv‡e cÖKvk Ki‡Z †h Kq cÖKvi `„k¨ (wØgvwÎK) cÖ‡qv. Rb nq, Zv Zz‡j aiv‡K wf. D‡m. U e‡j| G‡ÿ‡Î e¯‘i m. Kj cwigvc Aek¨B c~Y©v½fv‡e cÖKv‡ki my‡hv. M _v. K‡Z n‡e| w. Zb av‡c wf. D wm‡j. Kkb Kiv hvq--Orient the object Select front view Select adjacent view mvavi. YZ w. Zb cÖKvi wf. D‡Z e¯‘i Wªwqs Gi Rb¨ m. Kj cÖKvi Wv. Uv cÖKvk †c‡q _v‡K| w. KQz †ÿ‡Î Rw. Uj MV‡bi e¯‘i †ÿ‡Î Awa. K wf. D cÖ‡qv. Rb n‡Z cv‡i| 23
wf. D Gi cÖKvi‡f` Projections Parallel Orthogonal Multiview drawing Converge Oblique Axonometric Pictorial drawing Prespective drawing 24
3. 6 Discuss wireframe, B-Rep, CGS and Hybrid Modeling (Iq¨vi‡d «g, we-‡id, wm. Gmw. R Ges nv. BweªW g‡Wwjs Gi e. Y©bv) Iq¨vi‡d «g g‡Wwjs Aw. Z m¤úªw. Z MÖvwd. K c×w. Z‡Z †h g‡Wwjs c×w. Z e¨eüZ n‡q Avm‡Q, Zv‡K Iq¨vi‡d «g R¨vwgw. Z e‡j| w. PÎ t Iq¨vi†d «g w. RI‡gw. Uª 25
GKw. U †d «‡gi Aeqe. MZ cÖwe”Qwe ev cÖw. Zwe‡¤^I Iq¨vigy³ MVb‰kwj‡K Iq¨vi‡d «g g‡Wj e‡jv nq| w. PÎ t Iq¨vi†d «g g‡Wj 26
we-‡id g‡Wwjs we-‡id Gi c~Y© bvg n‡jv -ev. DÛvwi †cÖ‡Rb‡Ukb| we-‡id n‡jv h. Lb KZK¸‡jv Zj GKwÎZ K‡i e¯‘ ev Ae‡R‡±i c~Y©v½iæc †`Lv nq, Zv‡K we-‡ic e‡j| G c×w. Z‡Z e¯‘ Zj¸‡jvi wgwj. Z Ae¯’vq mwj. W g‡b n‡j. I Gi Wv. Uv Øviv e¯‘ g¨v‡Uwiqvj cwigvc Kiv hv‡e bv, ïaygvÎ Z‡ji wnmve Kiv hv‡e| G‡Z e¯‘i Af¨šÍ‡i duv. Kv Ae¯’vq _v‡K| ev. DÛvwi †cÖ‡Rb‡Ukb c×w. Zi g~j. Z `yw. U Ask _v‡K, †hgb--- 1) Topology • G c×w. Z g~j. Z e¯‘i Dcv`vb¸‡jv Kxfv‡e GKw. Ui mv‡_ Aciw. U ev. DÛvwi †`qv hvq Zv wb. Y©q K‡i| ‡hgb-- Faces, edge, vertices 2) Geometry • e¯‘i MV‡b e¨eüZ cÖw. Zw. U Z‡ji †k. B‡ci Dcv`vb wb‡q chv©‡jv. Pbv K‡i| ‡hgb– Surface, curves, point 27
wm. Gmw R wm. Gmw. R Gi c~Y© bvg n‡jv- KÝUªvw±f mwj. W w. RI‡gw. UªK| Gw. U 3 D wm‡÷g mwj. W g‡Wj ˆZwii Rb¨ GKw. U c×w. Z| Rw. Uj Av. K…w. Zi e¯‘i mwj. W g‡Wj ˆZwii Rb¨ eywjqvb Acv‡i. Um c×w. Z‡Z Ask¸‡jv R‡q‡›Ui †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ nq| Gw. U †Qv. U w. RI‡gw. UªK wcÖwgw. Um ‡K mv‡cv. U© K‡i, †hgb– w. KDem, eø·, I‡q. W&R, †¯úqvim‡Kvbm&, Zix Ges wmwjÛvim w&WRv. B‡bi †ÿ‡Î Dc‡iv³ wcÖwgw. Um ¸‡jv‡K wmw. RGm c×w. Z‡Z hy³ K‡i e„nr w. Ksev Rw. Uj Av. K…w. Zi g‡Wj ˆZwi Kiv hvq| wmw. RGm I we-‡id Wv. Uv‡e‡mi mgš^‡q †h g‡Wj ˆZwi Kiv hvq, Zv nv. BweªW g‡Wwjs| nv. BweªW g‡Wwjs Hybrid Models Separate models Soft linked models Hard linked models Integrated models w. PÎ t CSG I B-rep & Gi mgš^‡q nv. BweªW g‡Wwjs cÖ‡mm 28
3. 7 Surface modeling (mvi‡dm g‡Wwjs) mvi‡dm g‡Wwjs Ggb GKw. U Mvw. Yw. ZK c×w. Z hv mvavi. YZ K¨v. W A¨vwcø‡Kkb Gi gva¨‡g Kw. Vb cÖ`wk©Z e¯‘‡K Gi gva¨‡g Kw. Vb cÖ`wk©Z e¯Íy‡K cÖ`k©b K‡i| mw. VK g‡Wwjsw. U e¨envi. Kvix‡`i Kw. Vb c„ôZ‡j, wbw`©ó †Kv‡b, wbw`©ó e¯‘‡K †`Lvi Dc‡hv. Mx K‡i †Zv‡j| mvi‡d‡mi cÖKvi‡f` 1) 2) 3) 4) 5 6) 7) mvi‡d. R BOX. mvi‡d. R WEDGE. mvi‡d. R PYRAMID. mvi‡d. R CONE. mvi‡d. R DOME & DISH. mvi‡d. R TORUS. mvi‡d. R MESH. 29
Surface Box Surface Wedge Surface Pyramid Surface Cone 30
wb‡¤œ wewfbœ cÖKvi mvi‡dm Ey©bv Kiv n‡jv-- mvi‡d. R BOX command : _ai_box Specify corner point of box : mouse click any point Specify length of box : 5 enter press Specify width of box or [Cube] : 2 enter press Specify height of box : 2 enter press Specify rotation angle of box about the Z axis or [Reference] : 0 enter press Menubar View > 3 D views > SW Isometric 31
mvi‡d. R WEDGE command : _ai_wedge Specify corner point of wedge : mouse click any point Specify length of wedge : 4 enter press Specify width of wedge : 2 enter press Specify height of wedge : 2 enter press Specify rotation angle of box about the Z axis or [Reference] : -30 /30 enter press 32
mvi‡d. R PYRAMID command : _ai_pyramid Specify first corner point for base of pyramid : A point mouse click Specify second corner point for base of pyramid : @6, 0, 0 enter press Specify third corner point for base of pyramid : @6<120 enter press Specify fourth corner point for base of pyramid [Tetrahedron] : t enter press Specify apex point of tetrahedron or [Top] : B point mouse click 33
mvi‡d. R CONE command : _ai_cone Specify center point for base of cone : mouse click any point Specify radius for base of cone or [Diameter] : 1. 5 enter press Specify radius for top of cone or [Diameter] : enter press Specify height of cone : 5 enter press Enter number of segments for surface of cone <16> : enter press command : _ai_cone Specify center point for base of cone : mouse click any point Specify radius for base of cone or [Diameter] : 1. 5 enter press Specify radius for top of cone or [Diameter] : 0. 55 enter press Specify height of cone : 5 enter press Enter number of segments for surface of cone <16> : enter press 34
mvi‡d. R CYLINDER command : _ai_cone Specify center point for base of cone : mouse click any point Specify radius for base of cone or [Diameter] : 1. 5 enter press Specify radius for top of cone or [Diameter] : 1. 5 enter press Specify height of cone : 5 enter press Enter number of segments for surface of cone <16> : enter press 35
mvi‡d. R SPHERE command : _ai_sphere Specify center point for base of sphere : mouse click any point Specify radius of sphere or [Diameter] : 1. 5 enter press Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of sphere <16> : enter press Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of sphere <16> : enter press 36
mvi‡d. R Mesh command : _ai_mesh Specify first corner point of mesh : Specify second corner point of mesh : Specify third corner point of mesh : Specify fourth corner point of mesh : Enter mesh size in the M direction : Enter mesh size in the N direction : pic A point pic B point pic C point pic D point 8 enter press 5 enter press 37
mvi‡d. R DOME command : 3 D Enter an option [Box/Cone/Dish/Dome/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge] : DO enter press Specify center point of dome : mouse click any point Specify radius of dome or [Diameter] : 2 enter press Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of dome <16> : 12 enter press Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of dome <16> : 8 enter press command : shade 38
mvi‡d. R Dish command : _ai_dish Specify center point of dish : mouse click any point Specify radius of dish or [Diameter] : 3 enter press Enter number of longitudinal segments for surface of dish <16> : enter press Enter number of latitudinal segments for surface of dish <8> : enter press command : Vpoint Specify a new point or [Rotate] <display compass and tripod> : -1, 0. 5 enter press command : shade 39
mvi‡d. R TORUS command : 3 D Enter an option [Box/Cone/Dish/Dome/Mesh/Pyramid/Sphere/Torus/Wedge] : T enter press Specify center point of torus : mouse click any point Specify radius of torus or [Diameter] : 2 enter press Specify radius of tube or [Diameter] : 0. 2 enter press Enter number of segments around tube circumference <16> : enter press Enter number of segments around torus circumference <16> : enter press 40
mvi‡dm g‡Wwjs-Gi myweav 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) wm. Gbwm †gwkwbs-Gi Rb¨ mvi‡d. R w. RI‡gw. UªK ˆZwi K‡i| mvi‡d. R ¸Yv¸Y †hgb- †iv‡bm, Kvjvi I †id‡j. Kw. Uwfw. U ˆZwi K‡i| wn‡Wb jv. Bb I mvi‡d. R wi‡gvfvj A¨vj. Mwi`g †K mv‡cv. U© K‡i| w. WRv. Bb. K…Z g‡Wj‡K my›`ifv‡e Dc¯’vcb I w. W‡Rej Ki‡Z mnvq. Zv K‡i| ‡gvì I Wv. B w. WRv. Bb ˆZwi‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| mvi‡dm g‡Wwjs-Gi Amyweav 1) Ae‡R‡±i Af¨šÍ‡i †Kv‡bv Z_¨ cv. Iqv hvq bv| 2) Rw. Uj e¯‘/ Ae‡R± ˆZwii †ÿ‡Î GKvwa. K Zj ˆZwi Ki‡Z nq | 3) nv. Bqvi Kw¤úDUvi Uv. Bg A¨vÛ †ggwi| 41
ab¨ev` !! GLv‡b †Kv‡bv cÖkœ Av‡Q ? ?
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