Kurdistan Regional Government Ministry of Higher Education and

Kurdistan Regional Government Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research Salahaddin University – Hawler College of Languages – English Dept. An Introduction to “English Phonetics” Prepared by: Kafi R. Ahmed M. A. – Entire English University of Pune - India

References 1) Baker, A. and S. Goldstein (1990) Pronunciation Pairs. An Introductory Course for Students of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2) Celce-Murcia, M. , Brinton, D. , & Goodwin, J. (1996). Teaching pronunciation: A reference for teachers of English to speakers of other languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3) Internet Sources: www. youtube. com /BBC learning English. 4) Ladefoged, P. b. Vowels and Consonants. Blackwells: Oxford, 2001. 2

Contents of the lecture: ü The importance of phonetics in English language ü What is Transcription? ü Practical work. ü Giving students homework to practice 3

Objectives of the lecture: Ø Students will be able to introduce all sound symbols in English. Ø Students will be able to pronounce each word correctly. Ø Students will be able to distinguish between dialects, such as British, American, due to help of the transcriptions next to each word in the dictionaries. 4

What is Phonetics? It is the study of human speech sound as a physical Phenomenon. By physical phenomenon it means “how sounds are produced and which vocal organs create this sound. The Vocal Organs are: Jaws, lips, tongue, teeth and facial muscles. 5

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How many Letters & Sounds do we have in English? There are 26 letters, but 44 sounds in English. you can distinguish sounds from letters by slashes. Sounds are usually put between slashes, such as Ø p = letter, / p / = sound Ø h = letter, / h / = sound Ø j = letter, / j / = sound Ø e = letter, /e / = sound 7

Chart of Phonetic Symbols : 8

Consonant Sounds: �There are 24 Consonants in English Sounds 9

p 10 pot apple map

b 11 bat aback cab

t 12 top battle cut

d 13 danger product mad

tʃ 14 change future match

dʒ 15 joke agent badge

k 16 king ache cut quick

g 17 gap ugly bag

f 18 fight laugh elephant

v 19 vital over of

θ 20 throne Cathy bath

ð 21 there father them

s 22 sad bicycle groups

z 23 zebra animals buzz

ʃ 24 shy station mission

ʒ 25 massage pleasure usually

m 26 mind animal dam

n 27 night banned man

ŋ 28 ink bring going

h 29 high behind Hindi

l 30 lamb brilliant mall

r 31 rabbit brother hearing

w 32 white beware quality

j 33 young cure queue

Vowel Sounds: �There are 20 Vowels in English Sounds �The Vowels Can be divided into pure vowels which are twelve, and diphthongs which are eight 34

The pure vowels are as follows: ɪ: cheek meat receive evil believe 35

ɪ 36 chick pitch minute package

ʊ 37 book put took

u: 38 boot moon queue

e 39 egg bread many

ə adult teacher author police 40

ɜ: 41 her hurt dirty

ɒ 42 pot odd wash

ɔ: 43 door salt port

æ 44 bad cat apple

ɑ: 45 card palm heart

ʌ 46 but blood cut

The diphthongs are as follows ɪə 47 hear steer

eɪ 48 made main eight

ʊə 49 poor pure individual

ɔɪ 50 oil moist boy

əʊ 51 oak post go

eə 52 airbag tear (v. ) Bare aerial

aɪ 53 ice high my

aʊ 54 out owl cow

Phonetic transcription? It is the use of phonetic symbols to represent speech sounds. The most common type of phonetic transcription uses a phonetic alphabet, e. g. , the International Phonetic Alphabet. (IPA). For example: the transcription of “book” is /bʊk/ , and of “hear” is /hɪə/ 55

Practical work: Q. Transcribe the following words in IPA. judge like dead they come light many 56

Homework: �Dear Students, for the next lecture, please, transcribe the following words from your dictionary with the help of the IPA sound symbols one by one: �Pump �Aerial �Cave �Match �Shepherd �Miracle �going 57