KREBS CYCLE ELECTRON TRANSPORT Chapter 9 2 http

KREBS CYCLE & ELECTRON TRANSPORT Chapter 9 -2 http: //www. therunningdoctor. com/runinjuries. htm http: //www. clickatutor. com/mitochondria. jpg

REMEMBER: The “fork in the road” happens following glycolysis. OXYGEN The presence or absence of ________ decides which path it takes next.

• See video 9 A AEROBIC RESPIRATION

Flowchart Section 9 -2 Cellular Respiration Glucose (C 6 H 1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle We will next focus on the Krebs Cycle. This is the path that is taken when oxygen is present.

Image from BIOLOGY Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing ________ follows KREBS CYCLE glycolysis if oxygen is present

• See video 9 C • KREBS CYCLE See video 9 D KREBS cont’d

REMEMBER: Glycolysis happens in CYTOPLASM the ________ outside the mitochondria. Krebs cycle happens in _______ MATRIX inside the mitochondria

PYRUVIC ACID ________ (also called pyruvate) enters the MITOCHONDRION _________ Pyruvic acid joins with ________ COENZYME A to form ACETYL - Co. A ________ Diagram by Riedell

WHERE DO THESE GO? Carbon dioxide is released into the ________ atmosphere High energy electron carriers move into the ELECTRON TRANSPORT __________ CHAIN (We will come back to this later)

Citric Acid Formation: Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #2) 2 carbon ACETYL-COA combines with a 4 carbon molecule to form a 6 -carbon citric acid molecule called ________.

WHERE DO THESE GO? Coenzyme A goes back to pick up another Pyruvic acid ________ Citric acid completes the ______ KREBS CYCLE

KREBS CYCLE Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #3) KREBS CYCLE PRODUCES 3 ____ 1 ____ 4 ____

WHERE DOES IT GO? → 6 carbons in original glucose are lost Carbon dioxide as ________ to atmosphere

WHERE DO THESE GO? ATP can be used directly energy to supply _____ for the cell. High energy electron carriers move into the ELECTRON TRANSPORT __________ CHAIN

Flowchart Section 9 -2 Cellular Respiration Glucose (C 6 H 1206) + Oxygen (02) Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain We will next focus on the Electron Transport Chain.

WHERE DOES IT HAPPEN? Glycolysis KREBS ET Enzymes for ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN are located in the Inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae) ______________

• See video 9 E • ELECTRON TRANSPORT See video 9 F ET cont’d

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN INTERMEMBRANE SPACE CRISTAE MATRIX Image from: BIOLOGY by Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing© 2006

Electron Transport Chain: Electron Transport Chain Animation(select start, continue, and #1) electrons High-energy _______ from _____ NADH and _____ FADH 2 are passed along the electron transport chain. Energy from passing electrons is used to +) Hydrogen ions (H transport ___________ across the membrane.

Electron Transport Chain: Electron Transport Chain Animation(select start, continue, and #3) The pumping of H+ ions into the INTERMEMBRANE SPACE represents ____________ potential energy that is harnessed to make ATP. As H+ ions escape through ion channels ATP SYNTHASE back into the matrix, ________ spins and adds a phosphate to ADP to ATP form _______

Electron Transport Chain: OXYGEN ________ serves as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain. At the end of the electron transport chain, an enzyme combines the electrons with the hydrogen ions and oxygen to form _______ water (H 2 O)

Electron Transport Chain Animation-(#1 and #2) NADH come in High-energy electrons from ____ at beginning but electrons from _____ FADH 2 come in farther down the chain.

SO: → FADH 2 → NADH 3 ATP’s _____ 2 ATP’s _____

Figure 9– 2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview WHATS THE BIG PICTURE? Electrons carried in NADH and FADH 2 Pyruvic acid Glucose Cytoplasm Glycolysis Electron Transport Chain Krebs Cycle Mitochondrion

CELLULAR RESPIRATION includes: GLYCOLYSIS ___________ KREBS CYCLE ___________ ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN ____________

GLYCOLYSIS CYTOPLASM Happens in _______ outside mitochondria 1 glucose Breaks down ______ into ________ 2 pyruvic acid (pyruvate) Produces 2 __________

KREBS CYCLE MATRIX happens in ________ inside mitochondria Breaks down _________ 2 pyruvic acid Produces: 2 ____ 8____ 2 6

ELECTRON TRANSPORT cristae Enzymes found in _______ inner membrane of mitochondria Uses high energy electrons and H+ ions NADH FADH 2 donated by _______ and _______ 32 (net) ATP Makes ______ OXYGEN acts a final ____ H 2 O electron acceptor to produce ____

Image from BIOLOGY Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall Publishing

CELLULAR RESPIRATION (aerobic/ with oxygen): 36 ATP 1 glucose → ________ FERMENTATION (anaerobic/ without oxygen): 2 ATP 1 glucose → ________

Remember ! CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY Cells burn GLUCOSE for their energy needs Images from: http: //www. miranda. com/library. en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners. jpg http: //www. estrellamountain. edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/Bio. Book. CHEM 2. html

http: //www. therunningdoctor. com/runinjuries. htm EXERCISE and ENERGY (Short term energy) SMALL Cells normally contain _____ amounts of ATP produced by GLYCOLYSIS ________ & _____________ CELLULAR RESPIRATION (only enough for a few seconds of activity) LACTIC ACID Once this ATP is used up_______ fermentation can provide enough ATP to last about __________. 90 seconds

EXERCISE and ENERGY (Short term energy) Lactic acid Once race is over, ________ must be broken down using oxygen. trained Well _____ athletes burn lactic acid more efficiently. Image from: http: //www. miranda. com/library. en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners. jpg

EXERCISE and ENERGY (LONGER term energy) For exercise longer than 90 seconds Cellular respiration ___________ is the only way to make enough ATP. Cellular respiration releases energy more slowly than fermentation. _______ Well conditioned athletes must pace themselves during a long race.

What happens in a long race when the body’s glucose all is used up? REMEMBER Animal cells store GLUCOSE as _______ GLYCOGEN to use later. Image from: http: //www. msu. edu/course/lbs/145/smith/s 02/graphics/campbell_5. 6. gif

EXERCISE and ENERGY (LONGER term energy) MUSCLES ________ store glucose as ________ which can be glycogen broken down into glucose to supply 15 -20 minutes energy for________ of activity.

EXERCISE and ENERGY (LONGER term energy) After glycogen stores are used up the body begins to FAT break down ____ That’s why aerobic exercise must continue for longer than 20 minutes if you want to lose weight! Image from: http: //blackmovie. us/movie/Fat. Albert/fat. albert. movie. jpg

ALL CELLS NEED ENERGY Eukaryotes All _________ (including plant and animal cells) have ________ for cellular respiration mitochondria All _________ (bacteria) Prokaryotes have their electron transport enzymes attached to their Cell membranes ___________ Remember: No membrane bound organelles!

SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things 9 -12. L. 1. 1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells. Photosynthesis and respiration ATP-ADP energy cycle Role of enzymes Mitochondria Chloroplasts

Core High School Life Science Performance Descriptors High school students performing at the ADVANCED level: analyze chemical reaction and chemical processes involved in the Calvin Cycle and Krebs Cycle; predict the function of a given structure; High school students performing at the PROFICIENT level: describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (…role of enzymes) describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes); describe the relationship between structure and function High school students performing at the BASIC level name chemical reactions required to sustain life (… role of enzymes) name chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes); recognize that different structures perform different functions;

SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things. • 9 -12. L. 1. 1 A. Students are able to explain the physical and chemical processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration and their importance to plant and animal life. (SYNTHESIS) • Examples: Krebs Cycle

Go Online • Links from the authors on Creatine • Share kimchi lab data • Interactive test • For links on cellular respiration, go to www. Sci. Links. org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-3091. • For links on the Krebs cycle, go to www. Sci. Links. org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-3092.