Koreas relation with Europe Trade Practice Koreas relation

Koreas relation with Europe Trade Practice

Koreas relation with Europe The Hermit Kingdom Korea’s policy of isolation during the mid to late-Chosŏn (1600 – 1910) period was somewhat uncharacteristic of Korea’s history of interactions with foreign nations. During the Unified Silla period (668 – 935) items from as far away as Rome came to Korea through the Silk Road. During the Koryŏ dynasty (918 – 1392) Korean ships and traders ventured to lands far beyond Korea’s immediate coastline. But during the Chosŏn Kingdom, especially after the Hideyoshi Invasions (1592 – 1598), the Chosŏn government turned most of its attention inwards, thus closing doors that had previously been open. With the exception of China and in a small way Japan, Korea paid little attention to the outside world. Europe Trade Practice

Some European countries were active in East-Asia in the 15 th and 16 th century. They had companies for trading (“East-India -Companies”) and settlements or colonies: Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, England, France. Europe Trade Practice

The first Europeans who knew about the existence of Korea were the Portuguese. Europe Trade Practice

Since 1543 the Portuguese had a trade post on the island of Tanageshima (Japan), where they got to know that in northwestern direction passed the island of Tsushima, there was a nation that they called Couray (which later changed to “Corea”). 1557 they took possession of Macao. Europe Trade Practice

A Portuguese sailor was discovered in Jeju in 1582, but we know almost nothing about him … Europe Trade Practice

The second was Gregorio de Céspedes, a Spanish Jesuit who arrived in Busan on December 27 th 1593. He was brought to Korea by a Japanese general during the Imjin War. The international used name Japan is the Portuguese pronunciation of the old Chinese name for Japan „Zipangu“. Zipangu – Giapan Japan Europe Trade Practice

In the same time also the Dutch sailed from the Netherlands to eastasia. They founded colonies in Indonesia, Taiwan (“Formosa”) and trading-posts in Japan (Nagasaki). Europe Trade Practice

The Dutch ship Sperwer sailed 1653 from Batavia (now Jakarta) via Taijoan in the Dutch colony Formosa (now Taiwan) with destination to Japan. They came in a heavy storm and shipwrecked near the island Quelpart (now Jeju-do). Europe Trade Practice

36 sailors could swim to the coast, one of them was Hendrik Hamel. They were captured by Koreans, brought to Seoul, later back to the south coast. 1666, after 13 years, they could escape to Japan. Hamel wrote a book about the years in Korea. But Hamel was not the first Dutch in Korea. When Hamel was in Korea, there already lived a sailor named Janse Weltevree, who stayed in Korea since 1626 and helped them as translator. Europe Trade Practice

Hendrik Hamel wrote: “Koreans think there are but twelve countries or kingdoms in the whole world. They say that these countries once were subject to the emperor of China and that they had to pay tribute to him… When we mentioned a number of countries they all laughed at us, saying these must be names of cities and villages, because their maps do not reach beyond Siam. ” Europe Trade Practice

Until 1870 foreigners were not allowed to enter Korea, so it was called the „Hermit Kingdom“. Also until 1870 no Korean was allowed to go abroad. The first foreign country where Koreans settled outside was Russia. Europe Trade Practice

From 1883 Korea established diplomatic relations with western and European countries: USA (1882) Germany (1883) Great Britain (1883) Russia (1884) Italy (1884) France (1886) Austria (1892) and Belgium (1901). Europe Trade Practice

Contents of this treaties were: -Exchange of diplomatic missions or persons - Opening of Korean harbours for ships - Persons of this related countries were allowed to settle and move around the harbours - Rules for shipping trade between the countries - Detailed custom tariffs - Exchange for studies on both sides Foreign experts came to Korea to build up new economical and social structures. Europe Trade Practice

The German Paul Georg von Möllendorff worked for the Korean government. He established 1882 a new custom-system for the Korean harbours and was ranked as a vice-minister. He helped negotiating the German-Korean Treaty for the Korean side. Europe Trade Practice

Antoinette Sontag from France (center), who opened the first western hotel in Seoul. Hotel Sontag Europe Trade Practice

Eberhard Meyer from Hamburg, who opened the first western company in Korea, „Meyer & Co“ 1890 in Chemulpo (now Incheon). The company had ships and traded between Korea and China. Europe Trade Practice

Under the Japanese occupation (1905 – 1945) most Europeans and European companies left Korea. Europe Trade Practice

New diplomatic relations (South Korea) after 1945: France, 1949 United Kingdom, 1949 Spain, 1950 Germany, 1955 Italy, 1956 Turkey, 1957 Denmark, 1959 Norway, 1959 Sweden, 1959 Greece, 1961 Netherlands, 1961 Swiss, 1962 Austria, 1963 Finland, 1973 Europe Trade Practice

France opened his embassy in South Korea in 1949. Then the Korean war startet. France sent 3200 soldiers to South Korea. 270 were killed. The French ambassador in Seoul was taken prisoner and spent three years, from 1950 to 1953, in North Korea, until he was released. Europe Trade Practice

With the new diplomatic relations after the Korean war came business relations. Since 1956 bigger European companies came to Korea, for expl. Siemens from Germany. First Korean export products to Europe were textiles and shoes. From the 1980 th Korea startet to export electrical goods like TV, VTR, … Europe Trade Practice

Imported from Europe were machinery, chemicals and also luxury items. Europe Trade Practice

Koreans came to Europa for educational or economic reasons: UK: 46. 000 Koreans Germany: 31. 000 Koreans France: 15. 000 Koreans (USA: 1. 700. 000 Korean) Some became famous: Europe Trade Practice

From 1990 Korean companies startet factories in Europe: Samsung, Lucky Goldstar (later LG), Daewoo, Hyundai, … Europe Trade Practice

The KIA Sportage was manufactured also in Germany since 1995. DAEWOO-Motors was building factories in East. Europe Trade Practice

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The EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the EU and the South Korea is the first completed of the new generation of FTA launched by the EU in 2007. South Korea was designated a priority FTA partner in the Global Europe trade policy strategy of 2006. Global Europe argued that a comprehensive and ambitious FTA with South Korea, aiming at the highest possible degree of trade liberalisation including farreaching liberalisation of services and investment, was clearly in the interests of both sides. The negotiations for an EU-South Korea FTA were launched in May 2007 in Seoul. After eight rounds of talks, the FTA has been initialled by both sides on 15 October 2009. On 16 September 2010 the Council approved the FTA and the Agreement has been officially signed oon 6 October 2010 in the margin of the EU -South Korea Summit in Brussels. It is provisionally applied since 1 July 2011 Europe Trade Practice

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End Ende Final Europe Trade Practice