Korean and Vietnam Wars Korean Since the early
- Slides: 31
Korean and Vietnam Wars
Korean Since the early 1900 s, Korea was a Japanese colony • After WWII, Korea was divided at the 38 th parallel Japanese troops surrendered to Soviets in the north and to the U. S. in the south
l On June 25, 1950, the North Koreans launched a surprise attack on South Korea l They managed to conquer much of the Korean peninsula within weeks
l President Truman wanted to help South Korea resist Communist influence (containment) l South Korea asked the United Nations to intervene, which they did under the command of General Douglass Mac. Arthur l Meanwhile, advance the North Koreans continued to
l September, 1950: Mac. Arthur launched a surprise attack and the North Koreans retreated l UN troops pushed the North Koreans almost to the Chinese border in the north (Yalu River) l October, 1950: China sent 300, 000 troops to aid North Korea l Now, China the fight in Korea is between U. S. and
l Chinese outnumbered UN forces and drove them southward l General Mac. Arthur calls for nuclear attack on Chinese cities l Truman refuses out of fear of starting WWIII l Over the next 2 yrs, UN forces clashed with the North Koreans l Cease fire agreement signed in July, 1953 l 5 million soldiers and civilians had died in 3 yrs
l After the War, Korea remained divided into two countries l North Sung. Korea led by Communist dictator Kim Il - established collective farms - developed heavy industry - built up countries military power l l His son, Kim Jong Il, was the leader of North Korea until 2011. Under him, North Korea developed nuclear weapons
l Today, although North Korea is well-armed, it struggles economically and often faces shortages of energy and food l South Korea prospered due to massive aid from the U. S. and other countries. l South Korea was ruled by dictatorships until 1987, when they adopted a democratic constitution and free elections
Vietnam
War in Vietnam l After WWII, Americans had one foreign policy goal: halting the spread of communism l Vietnam was a former French colony l Ho Chi Minh, a young Vietnamese nationalist, turned to the Communists for help l With their aid, he attacked the French
l The U. S. sent aid, advisors, and soldiers there to keep Vietnam from embracing communism l The French were defeated l President Eisenhower described this threat in terms of the domino theory: l Southeast Asian nations were like a row of dominos: The fall of one to communism would lead to the fall of its neighbors.
Geneva Conference (1954) After France was defeated, Vietnam was divided into North and South • In the North, Ho Chi Minh’s Communist forces governed • In the South, the U. S. and France set up an anti-Communist govt. under Ngo Dinh Diem • Vietnam would be reunited and have a democratic election in 2 years •
l Ngo Dinh Diem was unpopular and ruled the south as a corrupt dictator l Ho Chi Minh began a popular program of land redistribution in the north l The U. S. believed that free elections in the south might lead to victory for the Communists, so they supported their cancellation
l Communist guerillas, called Vietcong, gained strength in the south l Most were South Vietnamese who hated Diem l They gradually won control of large areas of countryside l 1963, Diem South Vietnamese generals assassinate
l August, 1964, Lyndon Johnson told Congress that North Vietnamese had attacked two American destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin l Congress authorized the president to send American troops to Vietnam l War was not officially declared
l U. S. had advanced, well-equipped army, but faced two disadvantages - guerilla warfare in unfamiliar territory l - South Vietnamese govt. they were defending was becoming increasingly unpopular l l Plus, Vietcong was aided by Soviet Union and China
l During the 1960 s, the war became increasingly unpopular in the U. S. l President Nixon exercised a plan called Vietnamization: U. S. troops would gradually pull out while the South Vietnamese increased their combat role l U. S. out in 1973, 2 yrs later North Vietnamese overran South Vietnam
l Neighboring Cambodia had suffered U. S. bombing during the war and remained unstable for years l In 1975, Communist rebels known as the Khmer Rouge set up a brutal Communist govt. under the leadership of Pol Pot l He slaughtered 2 million people in an attempt to turn Cambodia into a rural society, ¼ of nation’s population
Pol Pot
l After 1975, North Vietnamese imposed strict controls on the South l Tens of thousands sent to “reeducation camps” for training in Communist thought l 1. 5 million fled Communist oppression. About 70, 000 settle in United States and Canada
Vietnam War Casualties l 3 -4 Million Vietnamese on both sides l 1 -2 Million Laotians and Cambodians l Over 57, 000 American Soldiers killed
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