Konsep Pemrograman sbwjavagroup co id Contoh Program C
Konsep Pemrograman sbw@javagroup. co. id
Contoh Program C # include <stdio. h> # include <conio. h> int main() { printf("Hello World From Aboutn"); getche (); return 0; }
Contoh Program C++ #include<iostream. h> #include<conio. h> main() { /* ini program C pertama saya */ cout<<" Konsep Pemrograman"<<endl; cout<<"n. Mahasiswa : Ali"<<endl; cout<<"Kelas : 413"<<endl; getch(); }
TIPIKAL PROGRAM C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 # include <stdio. h> # include <stdlib. h> # define MAKS 100 Prepocessor directive int hitung (int x) {. . . return. . . ; } Function hitung() int main () { int a, b; . . . b = hitung (a); . . . return 0; } Function main() Operator 4
TIPIKAL PROGRAM C • Komentar – Memberi keterangan kepada program. – Dituliskan diantara /* dan */. – Komentar tidak boleh nested. – /*ini sebuah komentar*/ – "/* ini bukan komentar melainkan string */" – /* komentar /* seperti ini */ akan menimbulkan kesalahan */ 5
#include <stdio. h> In C, #include forms a preprocessor directive that tells the C preprocessor to look for a file and place the contents of the file in the location where the #include directive indicates. • The preprocessor is a program that does some preparations for the C compiler before your code is compiled. The name of the stdio. h file stands for standard input-output header file.
main () This is a very special function in C. Every C program must have a main() function, and every C program can only have one main() function You can put the main() function wherever you want in your C program. However, the execution of your program always starts with the main() function.
One more important thing about main() is that the execution of every C program ends with main(). A program endswhen all the statements within the main() function have been executed.
The Newline Character (n) In the printf() function, one thing worth mentioning at this moment is the newline character, n. Usually suffixed at the end of a message, the newline character tells the computer to generate a carriage-return and line-feed sequence so that anything printed out after the message will start on the next new line on the screen.
Contoh Aplikasi C #include <stdio. h> #include <conio. h> main() { int a = 7; char b = 'G'; clrscr(); printf("%c Merupakan Abjad Yang Ke - %d", b, a); }
ELEMEN BAHASA C • Karakter • Identifier – Keyword – Standard identifier – Programmer-defined identifier • Tipe data • Konstanta • Variabel
KARAKTER Jenis Rincian Huruf A B C sampai dengan Z a b c sampai dengan z Angka 0123456789 Karakter khusus !"# % &'()*+, -. / : ; <=>? []^_{|}~ spasi Karakter extend Tab horisontal, tab vertikal, form feed, new line
• Identifier IDENTIFIER – Identitas, pengenal, nama segala sesuatu – Nama instruksi, nama variabel, nama tipe data, nama function • Ketentuan identifier – Diawali huruf atau garis bawah (underscore) – Diikuti huruf, angka, atau garis bawah – Panjang maksimum 32 karakter (Borland C++) • Bahasa C bersifat case sensitive – Huruf besar dan kecil dianggap beda – abc berbeda dengan Abc Ab. C ABC ab. C
IDENTIFIER • Identifier yang panjang – luas_persegipanjang_berwarna_biru_muda • Contoh identifier yang benar – luas – segi 3 – bilangan_1 • Contoh identifier yang salah – 3 com diawali angka – persegi-panjang terdapat – luas lingkaran dipisahkan spasi
KEYWORD • Keyword – Identifier yang telah diberi kegunaan tertentu dan tidak boleh diubah 1 auto 9 double 17 int 25 struct 2 break 10 else 18 long 26 switch 3 case 11 enum 19 register 27 typedef 4 char 12 extend 20 return 28 union 5 const 13 float 21 short 29 unsigned 6 continue 14 for 22 signed 30 void 7 default 15 goto 23 sizeof 31 volatile 8 do 16 if 24 static 32 while
STANDARD IDENTIFIER • Standard Identifier – Identifier yang telah didefinisikan compiler untuk kegunaan tertentu int main () {. . . printf("POTONGAN HARGA SUSUn"); // OK. . . } int main () { float printf; // OK. . . printf("POTONGAN HARGA SUSUn"); // ERROR . . . } Operator 16
PROGRAMMER-DEFINED ID • Programmer-Defined Identifier – Identifier yang dibuat oleh pemrogram int main () { float j_unit, harga; // OK. . . scanf("%f %f", &j_unit, &harga); // OK printf("POTONGAN HARGA SUSUn"); . . . }
TIPE DATA • Tipe Data – Jenis data yang diolah – Bilangan bulat, bilangan pecahan, karakter Tipe data Keyword Rentang Nilai (GCC) Character char – 128 s. d. 127 Short integer short – 32. 768 s. d. 32. 767 Integer int – 2. 147. 483. 648 s. d. 2. 147. 483. 647 Long integer long – 2. 147. 483. 648 s. d. 2. 147. 483. 647 Long-long integer long – 9. 223. 372. 036. 854. 775. 808 s. d. 9. 223. 372. 036. 854. 775. 807 SP loating point float 1. 17 x 10– 38 s. d. 3. 4 x 1038 DP floating point double 2. 22 x 10– 308 s. d. 1. 79 x 10 308
TIPE DATA • Tipe data karakter (char) – 1 byte = 8 bit – 28 = 256 nilai -128 … -1 0 1 2 … 127 • Tipe data short integer (short) – 2 byte = 16 bit – 216 = 65536 nilai -32768 … 32767 • Tipe data integer (int) – 4 byte = 32 bit – 232= 4. 294. 967. 296 nilai – – 2. 147. 483. 648 … 2. 147. 483. 647 Operator 19
TIPE DATA # include <stdio. h> int main() { printf("char = %dn", sizeof(char)); printf("short = %dn", sizeof(short)); printf("int = %dn", sizeof(int)); printf("long = %dn", sizeof(long)); printf("float = %dn", sizeof(float)); printf("double = %dn", sizeof(double)); printf("long = %dn", sizeof(long)); printf("long double = %dn", sizeof(long double)); return 0; } char = 1 short = 2 int = 4 long = 4 float = 4 double = 8 long double = 12 Operator 20
TIPE DATA • Qualifier unsigned pada tipe data – Tidak mengakomodasi nilai negatif – Seluruh daya tampung untuk bilangan positif – Default qualifier adalah signed Keyword Rentang Nilai (GCC) unsigned char 0 s. d. 255 unsigned short 0 s. d. 65. 535 unsigned int 0 s. d. 4. 294. 967. 295 unsigned long 0 s. d. 4. 294. 967. 295 Unsigned long 0. . 18. 446. 744. 073. 709. 551. 615 Operator 21
TIPE DATA • Single precision floating number (float) versus double precision floating number (double) # include <stdio. h> int main() { printf(" 123456789 A 123456789 Bn"); printf("%. 20 fn", (float)22. 0 / (float)7. 0); printf("%. 20 lfn", (double)22. 0 / (double)7. 0); return 0; } 123456789 A 123456789 B 3. 14285707473754880000 3. 14285714280000 Operator 22
KONSTANTA • Konstanta ialah nilai konstan – Integer constant • Konstanta integer desimal: 125 2010 • Konstanta integer oktal: 07 0642 • Konstanta integer heksadesimal: 0 x 36 0 Xab 5 – Character constant: ‘a’ ‘ 1’ escape sequence • escape sequence diawali garis miring terbalik – Floating point constant: 3. 14 1. 23 e 4 – String constant • “algoritmanpemrograman” Operator 23
KONSTANTA • Escape sequence ES Nilai Karakter Keterangan 0 x 00 NUL karakter dengan nilai ASCII = 0 a 0 x 07 BEL bunyi speaker b 0 x 08 BS backspace (mundur ke kiri) f 0 x 0 C FF formfeed (ganti halaman) n 0 x 0 A LF Linefeed atau newline (ganti baris) r 0 x 0 D CR carriage return (ke awal baris) t 0 x 09 HT tabulator horisontal v 0 x 0 B VT tabulator vertikal \ 0 x 5 C karakter miring kiri ’ 0 x 27 ‘ karakter petik-tunggal ” 0 x 22 “ karakter petik-ganda ? 0 x 3 F ? karakter tanda tanya Operator 24
KONSTANTA • Integer constant: desimal, oktal, # include <stdio. h> heksadesimal int main() { printf("123 (10) = %dn", 123); printf("123 (8) = %dn", 0123); printf("123 (16) = %dn", 0 x 123); return 0; } 123 (10) = 123 (8) = 83 123 (16) = 291 Operator 25
VARIABEL • Variabel – Tempat menampung data – Harus ditentukan tipe data yang ditampung – Harus dideklarasi atau didefinisi sebelum data_type var 1 < = init 1 >, var 2 < = init 2 >, . . . ; dipakai unsigned int nilai_tugas; int nilai_uts, nilai_uas; char huruf; float jumlah = 0. 0; char titik = '. '; Operator 26
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