Knowledge Theory A Unified Theory of AI Y

Knowledge Theory & A Unified Theory of AI Y. X. Zhong Univ. of Posts & Telecom, Beijing yxzhong@ieee. org

List of Contents 1, Fundamentals of Knowledge Theory 2, How Is KT Crucial To AI?

1. Knowledge Theory: Fundamentals

Functional Definition of Knowledge is something that can be used for answering certain questions. The basic question is the standard alternative problem with 2 n equally-possible answers, n>1. Its amount of question is defined as n unit of the amount of question – n alt. 1/2 A Standard Alternative Question 1/2 If a piece of knowledge can exactly answer one of such questions, the amount of the knowledge is defined as n unit of the amount of knowledge – n alt.

Descriptive Definition of Knowledge is a description of a class of events on -- their states at which the events may stay and -- the law the states may vary from one to another. S(2) S(1) S(n)

Representation of Knowledge The key elements for knowledge representation are (1) The States (2) The Relationship among The States Give John Giver ISA G 1 Object Recipient Mary “John gives Mary the book” B 23 ISA Book

General Representation of Knowledge Concept is the Element of knowledge. Large-scale, Multi-Branch, Hierarchical, Dynamic and Interacted Complex Network with Weights

Relation between Knowledge & Information Epistemological Information is the description of an event on its states at which the events may stay and the manner the states may vary from one to another. Compared with the definition of the epistemological information, it is found that knowledge is the result of the epistemological information refining (induction): States – States Manner of State Varying – Law of State Varying

Categorization of Knowledge It might be reasonable to classify the knowledge in accordance with the branches of science & Technology. But, it will be meaningless for Knowledge Theory research. Instead, knowledge is suggested to classify into formal, content, and value components Representation: p (possibility), r (rationality), v (value) States x 1 Possibility p 1 Rationality r 1 Value v 1 xn pn rn vn x. N p. N r. N v. N

Measures of Knowledge Amount K(P, P*; U), K(R, R*; U), K(V, V*; U) Where n = ( pn)·( rn)·( vn)

Internal Ecosystem of Knowledge Growth Empirical Knowledge Regular Knowledge Inherent Knowledge Commonsense Knowledge

External Ecosystem of Knowledge Cognition Information Decision Making Knowledge Intelligence Knowledge is the crucial gateway for linking Information on one hand intelligence on the other.

Information-Knowledge Transformation (Knowledge Discovery) General Algorithms Syntactic Information Induction Semantic Pragmatic Information Formal Knowledge Deduction Induction Goal Value Knowledge Content Knowledge

Knowledge-Intelligence Transformation: Algorithms in Principle G Information On P & C Deduction/ Induction Algorithms Knowledge Base Intelligent Strategy

Knowledge-Intelligence Transformation Algorithm More Specific Goal Comparison & Distance Computing Constraints Problem KB Analysis Inference Computation Intelligent Strategy

2, How Is KT Crucial to AI?

KT and The Unified AI C. K-1 Sensor-Motor C. K Execution Acquisition P-C-G Neural Network E. K Validation R. K Expert System R. K Popularization C. K-2 Information Knowledge Intelligence I-Action

Framework & Algorithms Are Feasible Algorithms for Information Knowledge Transformation -- information experience: Induction Algorithms (PR, Data-Mining, Knowledge Discovery, …) -- old knowledge new one: Deduction Algorithms (Logic Reasoning, Rough Set Theory…) -- Regular K Common knowledge: popularization Algorithms for Knowledge Intelligence Transformation -- Experience-Based: Neural Networks and the like -- Regular K-Based: Expert Systems -- Common K-Based: Senor-Motor

Implications & Open Problems

1, Knowledge Theory is important because it is a midway to intelligence. Intelligence Theory is important because it is the ability to solve problems (Macro Ecosystem). 2, Due to the knowledge ecology (Micro Ecosystem), AI should mean the trinity (Unification) of traditional AI, Computational Intelligence and senor-motor systems. 3, The transformation of information-knowledge-intelligence will play a central role in the development of science and technology in formation age as that of energy conversion in industrial age.

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