Knowledge Organiser Homeostasis and response Key Terms Definitions

Knowledge Organiser – Homeostasis and response Key Terms Definitions central nervous system (CNS) The part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord. receptor Organs which recognise and respond to stimuli. hormone reflex arc diabetes glucose glycogen fertility Chemical messenger produced in glands and carried by the blood to specific organs in the body. The pathway of information from a sensory neuron through an inter neuron to a motor neuron. A serious disease in which the body is unable to regulate blood sugar. A simple sugar used by cells for respiration. Animals store glucose as glycogen in their liver and muscle tissues. The ability to reproduce The Nervous System Homeostasis maintains optimal conditions for enzyme action throughout the body, as well as all cell functions. In the human body, these include the control of: • blood glucose concentration • body temperature • water levels These automatic control systems may involve nervous responses (nervous system) or chemical responses (endocrine system). Reflex arcs

Knowledge Organiser – Homeostasis and response The Endocrine System Controlling blood glucose A hormone is a chemical substance, produced by a gland carried in the bloodstream, which alters the activity of specific target organs. An example of this is the release of the hormone adrenaline, which is released by the adrenal gland. One of its target organs is the heart, where it increases the heart rate. Once a hormone has been used, it is destroyed by the liver. Hormones can control the body, and the effects are much slower than the nervous system, but they last for longer. Type 1 Diabetes Contraception Type 2 Hormonal methods of contraception Oral contraceptives The oral contraceptive, which is known as the pill, contains oestrogen or progesterone. These hormones inhibit the production of FSH, and eggs cannot mature