Knowledge Organiser AngloSaxon and Norman England Key Topic

Knowledge Organiser Anglo-Saxon and Norman England Key Topic 2 –Securing the Kingdom. William in Power. 1066 -87 William had won the throne at Hastings but he now needed to gain control of a people who had not wanted him as king. Key Events 1. 1066 – The Submission of the Earls at Berkhamstead 2. 1067 – William returns to Normandy and a string of rebellions break out. 3. 1068 – The rebellion of Edwin and Morcar – Defeated by William. 4. 1069 – Two rebellions in the North (linked to Edgar Aethling). Brutally crushed by William (see Harrying of the North). 5. 1070 – The Harrying of the North. To stop further rebellions and the North being used as a base for Viking invasions, William destroyed the North. 100, 000 people died, homes destroyed, crops destroyed and the fields ploughed with salt. 6. 1070 -71 –Hereward the Wake’s rebellion against William at Ely in East Anglia. 7. 1075 – Revolt of the Earls – Two Norman Earls (Ralph, Earl of Norfolk, Rodger, Earl of Hereford and one Saxon Earl (Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria) rebelled against William was in Normandy but his regents Lanfranc and Odo ended the revolt. Key Individuals 1. Edgar Aethling – Nephew of King Edward the Confessor but young and inexperienced in 1066. Once King Harold was killed at Hastings, the Witan chose Edgar as king but he surrendered (submitted) to William at Berkhamstead. Edgar received a lot of support from the King of Scotland was involved in unsuccessful revolts against William in 1069. 2. Edwin and Morcar – Important English earls and brothers. (Edwin was Earl of Mercia and Morcar was Earl of Northumbria. Both submitted to William at Berkhamstead but quickly turned rebellious, leading revolts in 1068, 1069 and again in 1070. 3. Waltheof – The last Anglo-Saxon earl of England. Executed by William in 1075 for his involvement in the Revolt of the Earls, in spite of the fact that it was Waltheof who broke the news of the plot. 4. Lanfranc – Archbishop of Canterbury and head of the church of England. He was a trusted friend of William and often acted as regent (ruler of the country) when William was in Normandy. 5. Odo of Bayeux – William’s half brother and worked with Lanfranc as regent when William was in Normandy. Helped to crush The Revolt of the Earls. Key Terms 1. Motte and Bailey Castles - A type of castle built by William. They were made of wood and quick to build. The Motte was a man-made hill and the Bailey a fenced area at the base of the Motte with stables, trade and storage areas. Castles were new in England William used them to intimidate the people. 2. The Marcher Earldoms – These were three new earldoms along the boarder with Wales (Herford, Shrewsbury and Chester). Given to loyal Normans who were given extra rights such as the right to build castles. This was to protect England from Welsh raids but also enabled William to take land away from Saxons, particularly the Earl of Mercia. 3. Forfeit – Saxon landowers simply lost their land it was given to Normans instead. There was only one landowner, the King and he could grant or take land at will.