Knowledge Mapping Tools Visualizing Research Crystal Renfro MLS

Knowledge Mapping Tools: Visualizing Research Crystal Renfro, MLS, MAS Elisabeth Shields, Ph. D, MLIS Kennesaw State University Library System

Session goals • Define types of knowledge mapping • Show examples of each • Talk about how each can be used in academic contexts • Discuss rationale for librarian role in promoting understanding and use of knowledge mapping

Cartography, communication & cognition “[James W. Wandersee ]. . . argued persuasively that cartography links perception, interpretation, cognitive transformations & creativity serving four basic purposes: to challenge one’s assumptions, to recognize new patterns, to make new connections, and to visualize the unknown. ” Hyerle, D. , 2008, 73.

Mind mapping

What Is Mind Mapping? • Visual representation of related information • Helps structure and organize information • Radiates from a central node • Structured in nodes: parent, child and sibling • Can be hand-drawn with elaborate images • Many online tools Image from: Mind Mapping: The Best Step-by-Step Guide for Creating Useful Mind Maps by Ben Evans

Clarifying Ideas Why Mind Map ? Brainstorming Organizing Information Decision Making

Ways Librarians use mind maps • Brainstorming & Strategic Planning • Process exploration: uncover interdependencies and potential collaborations. • Event planning: food, speakers, support tasks, technical requirements • Library renovation projects: track people, places, furniture, feedback from users, architects, functional workarounds, etc • Presentation & Writing Planning • Recruiting Members for Library Board • Maps that index other maps (chapters of a book with each chapter its own map • Developing instruction sessions

http: //mindmappingsoftwareblog. com/15 -common-mind-map-elements/

Guidelines to Choosing Mapping Software • Price: Free, Trial Periods, One-time vs monthly subscription • Intended Users: Individual, group collaboration • Function: Concept, argument, mind mapping, etc • Platform: desktop, online • Integration Options: Evernote, Bib. Tex, Word, etc • Special Features: hyperlinks, task management, graphics, etc

Freemind Open source Freeplane Hierarchical Mind. Jet Commercial XMind Bubbl. us Mind mapping software Creative Coggle Mind. Meister Docear Educational Inspiration

Concept mapping

MINDMAP CONCEPT MAP

“Students who learn meaningfully relate information from different sources in an attempt to integrate what they learn with the intention of imposing meaning. They form connections between new information and material that has been previously studied, and they think about the underlying structure of what is learned. ” - Novak, J. (2000, p. 16)

Concept Map illustrating hierarchy and integration of concepts related to the Karner Blue Butterfly Novak, J. (2000, pg 21)

Concept Map Examples Good Example Bad Example Joseph Mayo (2012): http: //www. pedagogyandhumanscience. org/files/Mayo_PHSv 2. pdf

Uses of concept maps • Students: • • • Map own current understanding, assimilate new material Take notes to reflect own learning Construct models First or second step in research projects Organize literature reviews • Faculty • Evaluate student learning • Replace other kinds of tests • Quickly appraise early stages of complex student research projects

Constructing concept maps • Consider starting with manual form such as sticky notes • Identify concepts first • Add labels that link concepts • Work on revisions • Move toward more specificity in labels See also: “Constructing your First Concept Map, ” Alberto J. Cañas & Joseph D. Novak, http: //cmap. ihmc. us/docs/constructingaconceptmap. php

Concept mapping software for higher education Defining features: Must allow labeling of links and recursive and other non-hierarchical relationships Cmap Created at the Florida Institute for Human & Machine Cognition (IHMC), Cmap software is the software package that supports strictly defined concept mapping. Creately Appears to allow labeling of relationships Inspiration Created for all levels of education, has concept mapping and other educational functions

Argument mapping/issue mapping/dialog mapping

Dialog map

Components of an Argument Map • Main Contention: Point of the Pro/Con Argument • Assumptions or premises: Statements generally accepted as true • Co-premises: Additional supporting assumptions. • Reasons: Argument supporting a contention • Objections: Argument against a contention • Rebuttals: An objection to an objection; a counterargument

Uses of argument/issue/dialog mapping • Understand how another author is developing their argument/thesis • Develop your own thesis logically • Present logical outline of thesis to faculty (hard to plagiarize logic) • Develop shared understanding (dialog map) by exploring aspects of question systematically • Documenting how decisions are made by recording the structure of the discussion • Unifying element among the types of maps: problem area and reasons for and against a conclusion or action

Issue/Argument/Dialog mapping software • b. Cisive Developed by same group as Rationale, but for organizations rather than education, this package incorporates icons and templates for decision making • Rationale For education, including higher education, this software incorporates a reasonable number of options. Examples in this presentation use this package • Compendium. NG Free, open source; dialog & issue mapping • Debategraph Free, online only; many options and very complex arguments possible

Further Reading - General Davies, Martin. “Concept Mapping, Mind Mapping and Argument Mapping: What Are the Differences and Do They Matter? ” Higher Education 62, no. 3 (September 2011): 279– 301. How to write a thesis (Bachelor, Master, or Ph. D) and which software tools to use, Sciplore (2010) Hyerle, David. “Thinking Maps: A Visual Language for Learning. ” In Okada, Alexandra et al. , Knowledge Cartography: Software Tools and Mapping Techniques. New York: Springer, 2008. Hyerle, David. , Visual tools for transforming information into knowledge. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, 2009. Novak, J. D. , Mintes, J. J. & J. H. Wandersee. Assessing Science Understanding. New York: Academic Press, 2000. Okada, Alexandra et al. , Knowledge Cartography: Software Tools and Mapping Techniques. New York: Springer, 2008.

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Mind Mapping Resources • The Mindmap Blog • Mind Mapping BLOG! • The Mind Mapping Software Blog by Chuck Frey • Bigger. Plate. com Mind. Map Library • Maps for That: Mindmap Library (from the folks at Mindjet) • Mind Map Art

Concept Mapping Resources Bentley, F. J. B. , Kennedy, S. & K. Semsar. (2011) How Not to Lose Your Students With Concept Maps. Journal of College Science Teaching, 41(1), 61 -68. Hay, David, Ian Kinchin and Simon Lygo-Baker “Making learning visible: the role of concept mapping in higher education. ” Studies in Higher Education 33, 3 (June 2008): 295 – 311. Kinchin, I. M. (2014) Concept mapping as a learning tool in higher education: A critical analysis of recent reviews. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 62(1) 39 – 49. Lee, Hollylynne Stohl. "Using Concept Maps to Organize Reviews of Literature, “ 2010. Webinar archived at CAUSEweb. org. Mc. Pherson, Fiona. “Concept maps” in Effective Notetaking (2 nd edition). Wellington, NZ: Wayz Press, 2007. Pp. 146 – 167. Novak, Joseph D. Learning, Creating, and Using Knowledge. New York: Routledge, 2012. Novak, Joseph D. & Alberto J. Cañas, “The Theory Underlying Concept Maps and How to Construct and Use Them. ” Technical Report IHMC Cmap Tools 2006 -01 Rev 2008 -01. http: //cmap. ihmc. us/docs/theory-of-concept-maps. php

Issue, Argument & Dialog Mapping Resources Betz, G. Argunet: argument mapping and discourse analysis Blog, tutorials, book reviews, updated occasionally. Includes. (2013). Three Online Tutorials on Argument Analysis. Conklin, Jeff. Dialogue Mapping: Building Shared Understanding of Wicked Problems. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2006. Morrow, David R. and Anthony Weston, A Workbook for Arguments. Hackett Publishing, 2011. A new edition to be published in Nov. 2015 will reportedly have an expanded section on argument mapping. Ostwald, Jamel. “Argument mapping – the basics. ” n. d. Rittel, H. and D. Noble, “Issue-based information systems for design. ” Working Paper 492. Berkeley, CA: The Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, 1989. Reid, Caroline. (2011). “Rationale Argument Mapping Software (Application Review). ” Journal of Technology in Human Services 29: 147 – 154.