Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Hazel Hall Senior

  • Slides: 49
Download presentation
Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Hazel Hall Senior Lecturer School of Computing Napier University,

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Hazel Hall Senior Lecturer School of Computing Napier University, Edinburgh h. hall@napier. ac. uk http: //www. bim. napier. ac. uk/esis/about_us/hazel. html 1

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Format of the presentation • • Knowledge management “defined”

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Format of the presentation • • Knowledge management “defined” Knowledge management perspectives Knowledge management at Napier University Knowledge sharing 2

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Knowledge management: a definition “The capabilities by which communities

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Knowledge management: a definition “The capabilities by which communities within an organisation capture the knowledge that is critical to them, constantly improve it and make it available in the most effective manner to those people who need it, so that they can exploit it creatively to add value as a normal part of their work” 3

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Knowledge management: a definition “The capabilities by which communities

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Knowledge management: a definition “The capabilities by which communities within an organisation capture the knowledge that is critical to them, constantly improve it and make it available in the most effective manner to those people who need it, so that they can exploit it creatively to add value as a normal part of their work” 4

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Information science Psychology Science and technology Artificial intelligence Sociology

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Information science Psychology Science and technology Artificial intelligence Sociology Knowledge management Business studies Information systems Computer science Organisational science Strategic management 5

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Librarians Psychology Information science Military strategists Science and technology

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Librarians Psychology Information science Military strategists Science and technology Management consultants Sociology Human resources managers Artificial intelligence Knowledge management Information systems Hardware & software vendors Business studies Charities Engineers Accountants Organisational science Computer science Strategic management 6

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Contested approaches Laissez-faire Re-engineering 7

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Contested approaches Laissez-faire Re-engineering 7

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Contested approaches Laissez-faire Re-engineering 3 articulations from the literature

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Contested approaches Laissez-faire Re-engineering 3 articulations from the literature KM 1: Library and Information Science KM 2: Process Engineering KM 3: Organisational Theory (Davenport & Cronin, 2000) 8

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing KM 1: “Knowledge organisation” approach Identify Acquire Classify Catalogue

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing KM 1: “Knowledge organisation” approach Identify Acquire Classify Catalogue Organise Store internally and externally produced publications for subsequent retrieval and use 9

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing KM 2: “Process” approach Use techniques and tools to

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing KM 2: “Process” approach Use techniques and tools to map and model “know-how” then recompile systems and resources identify existing conceptual links, form new links 10

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing KM 3: “Creation” approach Provide conditions for knowledge creation

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing KM 3: “Creation” approach Provide conditions for knowledge creation to encourage knowledge culture so that knowledge is created and shared freely 11

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing KM 1: “Knowledge organisation” approach Identify Acquire Classify Catalogue

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing KM 1: “Knowledge organisation” approach Identify Acquire Classify Catalogue Organise Store internally and externally produced publications for subsequent retrieval and use Isn’t this just information management? Ignores “tacit”, unrecorded knowledge 12

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing KM 2: “Process” approach Use techniques and tools to

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing KM 2: “Process” approach Use techniques and tools to map and model “know-how” then recompile systems and resources identify existing conceptual links, form new links Over-emphasis on the process of mapping & modelling Too little emphasis on human factors Cost of exercise 13

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing KM 3: “Creation” approach Provide conditions for knowledge creation

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing KM 3: “Creation” approach Provide conditions for knowledge creation to encourage knowledge culture so that knowledge is created and shared freely Ignores “published” sources Dependent on personality “types” Highly reliant on personal networks 14

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing KM at Napier University Teaching • focused on integrated

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing KM at Napier University Teaching • focused on integrated strategies • students learn about KM while “doing” KM Research: examples • communities of practice and networked learning • teledemocracy • careers guidance • advertising 15

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Value of conducting research on encouraging knowledge sharing Most

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Value of conducting research on encouraging knowledge sharing Most commonly discussed topic at KM conferences • priority area for knowledge research • priority area for companies “knowledge hoarding is power” “knowledge sharing is valued” (Kelleher & Levene, p. 39) 16

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Knowledge gaps and debates in this area • KM

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Knowledge gaps and debates in this area • KM research questions about teams • value of organisational incentives for information sharing • case study evidence 17

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Conditions Hard Responsibilities Infrastructure

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Conditions Hard Responsibilities Infrastructure Usability Articulation Soft Status Communities Critical mass Boundary objects 18

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Financial rewards Hard Soft

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Financial rewards Hard Soft Career advancement/security as reward Access to information and knowledge as reward 19

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Increased pay Bonuses Stock

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Increased pay Bonuses Stock options Financial rewards Hard Soft Career advancement/security as reward Access to information and knowledge as reward Promotion Future work Learning Innovation 20

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Financial rewards Hard Soft

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Financial rewards Hard Soft Career advancement/security as reward Access to information and knowledge as reward 21

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Hard Enhanced reputation as

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Hard Enhanced reputation as reward Soft Personal satisfaction as reward 22

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Hard Enhanced reputation as

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Hard Enhanced reputation as reward Soft Personal satisfaction as reward Gratitude Flattery Recognition Cross-hierarchy alliances Positive results of altruism 23

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Hard Enhanced reputation as

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Hard Enhanced reputation as reward Soft Personal satisfaction as reward 24

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Hard Soft n plia

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Hard Soft n plia ce m o c ry t a s r e o r mp lf-inte e t age ote se hips r u o ” s Enc r-prom lation aking “types t e Ove ture r e risk nality o Rup ourag pers n c Dis end o Dep 25

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Training & debriefings Conditions Acquire

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Training & debriefings Conditions Acquire knowledge Disseminate knowledge Mentoring & assisting Responsibilities Time allocated Status “Copying” permitted Senior management buy-in Communities Leadership by example 26

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Acquire knowledge Disseminate knowledge

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Acquire knowledge Disseminate knowledge Responsibilities Status Communities 27

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Training & debriefings Conditions ve

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Training & debriefings Conditions ve i t a er Acquire knowledge p im Responsibilities e g Disseminate knowledge han c re u t l Cu Status Mentoring & assisting Time allocated “Copying” permitted Senior management buy-in Communities Leadership by example 28

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Relegate Responsibilities Remove management

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Relegate Responsibilities Remove management levels Status Mask status Communities All are contributors, experimentation is encouraged 29

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Responsibilities Relegate Status Academic

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Responsibilities Relegate Status Academic research on online interactions Doctors v nurses Communities 30

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions f omanagement Remove d

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions f omanagement Remove d r wa e levels r ft Relegate Responsibilities so n t s in tatio a g s a repu k r Status Mask status Wo anced enh Communities All are contributors, experimentation is encouraged 31

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Responsibilities Status Provide for

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Responsibilities Status Provide for Communities Shared commitment, obligation & codependence vitality & trust Social interaction clique & high risk exchange Identity common purpose 32

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Responsibilities Social events Provide

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Responsibilities Social events Provide for Status Common language framework Communities Space 33

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Responsibilities Status Provide for

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Conditions Responsibilities Status Provide for d” e t ea r Communities c e“ b n’t a C Shared commitment, obligation & codependence vitality & trust Social interaction clique & high risk exchange Identity common purpose 34

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing s ie kt Conditions a

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing s ie kt Conditions a Shared commitment, e s&wcoobligation u rs e dependence vitality gv n o trust tr& Responsibilities Status Provide for d” e t ea r Communities c e“ b n’t a C S Social interaction clique & high risk exchange Identity common purpose 35

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing s ie kt Conditions a

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing s ie kt Conditions a Shared commitment, e s&wcoobligation u rs e dependence vitality gv n o trust tr& Responsibilities Status Provide for d” e t ea r Communities c e“ b n’t a C S n o ati in Social interaction em s is risk d clique & high ed t i exchange ib Inh Identity common purpose 36

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing s ie kt a Shared

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing s ie kt a Shared commitment, e s&wcoobligation u rs e dependence vitality gv n o trust tr& Conditions Responsibilities Status Provide for d” e t ea r Communities c e“ b n’t a C S n o ati in Social interaction em s is risk d clique & high ed t i exchange ib Inh Identity b em common m n o purpose ts i m i L ip h ers 37

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Ease of use Usefulness

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Ease of use Usefulness of use is obvious Usability Articulation Critical mass Boundary objects 38

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Ease of use Usefulness

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Ease of use Usefulness of use is obvious Usability Articulation Critical mass Boundary objects 39

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Usability Integration of tools

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Usability Integration of tools with communities Articulation Critical mass Boundary objects 40

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Usability Integration of tools

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Usability Integration of tools with communities Articulation Critical mass Boundary objects 41

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Ease of use Usefulness

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Ease of use Usefulness of use is obvious Integration of tools with communities Usability Articulation Critical mass Boundary objects 42

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Usability Articulation classification schemes

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Usability Articulation classification schemes repositories spaces and people Critical mass Boundary objects 43

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Usability Articulation Ease of

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Infrastructure Usability Articulation Ease of knowledge sharing Equal status Community ownership Exploitation of weak ties Transfer from oldies to newbies classification schemes repositories spaces and people Critical mass Boundary objects 44

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Conditions Hard Responsibilities Infrastructure

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Conditions Hard Responsibilities Infrastructure Usability Articulation Soft Status Communities Critical mass Boundary objects 45

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Conditions Hard Responsibilities Infrastructure

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Conditions Hard Responsibilities Infrastructure Usability Articulation Soft Tension Status Communities Mixed incentives Critical mass Boundary objects 46

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Conditions Infrastructure To jump

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Conditions Infrastructure To jump start knowledge sharing For long-term compliance To help new members of staff To encourage experimentation For cross-team working To match “expectations” of personality types For “community” benefits For distributed staff To promote moral obligation For wide dissemination 47

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Conditions Infrastructure To jump

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing Incentives for knowledge sharing Rewards Conditions Infrastructure To jump start knowledge sharing For long-term compliance To help new members of staff To encourage experimentation For cross-team working To match “expectations” of personality types For “community” benefits For distributed staff To promote moral obligation For wide dissemination Knowledge is a private good Knowledge is a public good Knowledge is accessible 48

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing References and further work in this area Davenport, E.

Knowledge management and knowledge sharing References and further work in this area Davenport, E. , & Cronin, B. (2000). Knowledge management: semantic drift or conceptual shift? , [Online]. Available: http: //www. alise. org/nondiscuss/conf 00_Davenport-Cronin-paper. htm [2000, 28 January]. Davenport E. & Hall, H. (2002 in press). Organizational knowledge and communities of practice. In B. Cronin & D, Shaw (Eds. ). Annual Review of Information Science and Technology. Medford NJ: Information Today. Hall, H. (2001). Input-friendliness: motivating knowledge sharing across intranets. Journal of Information Science 27(2), 139 -146. Kelleher, D. , & Levene, S. (2001). Knowledge management: a guide to good practice. London: British Standards Institution. 49