Klaus Peters RuhrUniversitt Bochum GLUONIC 2003 Jefferson Lab

Klaus Peters Ruhr-Universität Bochum GLUONIC 2003 Jefferson Lab Newport News, May 15, 2003 Exotic Hadrons @

Where is Darmstadt ? GSI 2 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

The GSI Future Facility Panda Existing GSI Facilities 3 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

History since 1996 Discussion about GSI future International workshops, reviews, accelerator R&D May 1999 Letter of Intend for an antiproton facility (40 authors) Studies for detector concept Jan. 2001 Detector simulation with GEANT 4 Nov. 2001 Conceptual Design Report of an „International Accelerator Facility for Beams of Ions and Antiprotons” Nov. 2001 Review by an international review committee of the „Deutscher Wissenschaftsrat“ April 2002 International p-Workshop at GSI July 2002 Positive Votum by the „Deutscher Wissenschaftsrat“ Feb. 5, 2003 Positive Decision by the „bmb+f” 4 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Press Release 16/2003, http: // www. bmbf. de 05. 02. 2003 Bulmahngives green light for large-scale research equipment "We are securing an international top position for German basic research" . . . Basic research in the natural sciences has a long tradition in Germany. Its success is inextricably linked with the use of large-scale equipment at national and international research centres. "With the new concept, basic research in Germany will start from an excellent position when entering a new decade of successful work", Minister Bulmahn said. Together with European partners, the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) in Darmstadt is to develop further its equipment in a phased approach and become a leading european physics centre. At least 25% of the costs amounting to € 675 million are to be shouldered by foreign partners. 5 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Overview Motivation Goals Experimental techniques Conclusions 6 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Hadrons are very complicated Standard model meson only one leading term Other colour neutral configurations may mix Decoupling is possible only if l states are narrow l lower density of states l leading term vanishes 7 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Simplest Hybrids S-Wave+Gluon (qq)8 g with ()8=coloured 1 S ¯ 3 S 0 1 combined with a 1+ or 1 - gluon Gluon 1– (TM) 1+(TE) 1 S 0, 0–+ 1++ 1–– 3 S 1, 1–– 0+- 0–+ q 1+- 1–+ q 2+- 2–+ 8 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton Meson – Hybrid Mixing g MIX g FSI March 3, 2003

Charmed Hybrids Gluonic excitations of the quark -antiquark-potential may lead to bound states P LQCD: l P-potential l m. H ~ 4. 2 -4. 5 Ge. V S Light charmed hybrids could be as narrow as O(5 -50 Me. V) important <r 2> and r. Breakup 9 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

LQCD ccg 1 -+ vs. cc 1 -- (J/y) 1 -+ Group Reference isotropic MILC 97 PRD 56(1997)7039 4317± 150 isotropic MILC 99 NPB 93 Supp(1999)264 4287 isotropic JKM 99 PRL 82(1999)4400 anisotropic ZSU 02 hep-lat 0206012 isotropic MILC 97 PRD 56(1997)7039 1220± 150 isotropic MILC 99 NPB 93 Supp(1999)264 1323± 130 anisotropic CP-PACS 99 PRL 82(1999)4396 1190 isotropic JKM 99 PRL 82(1999)4400 anisotropic ZSU 02 hep-lat 0206012 4390± 80 4369± 37 D(1 -+, 1 --) 1340± 80 1302± 37 10 m(ccg) Model ± 200 ± 99 m(ccg)- m(cc) ± 200 ± 99 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Charmed Hybrid Level Scheme 1 -- (0, 1, 2)-+ < 1++ (0, 1, 2)+l JKM 00, NPB 83 Suppl 83(2000)304 and Manke, PRD 57(1998)3829 L-Splitting l Dm ~ 100 -250 Me. V/c 2 for 1 -+ to 0+- S-Splittings l Page thesis, 1995 and PRD 35(1987)1668 l 4. 14 (0 -+ ) to 4. 52 Ge. V/c 2 (2 -+) consistent w/LQCD l JKM, NPB 86 suppl(2000)397, PLB 478(2000) 151 2+- 4. 85 1++ 4. 81 1+- 4. 70 2 -+ 4. 52 4. 5 1 -- 4. 48 4. 4 0+1 -+ 4. 47 4. 37 4. 8 4. 7 4. 6 4. 3 DD** 4. 2 0 -+ 4. 14 4. 1 11 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Charmonium Physics Open questions … l hc‘ (21 S 0) not established l h 1 c (1 P 1) unconfirmed l Peculiar decays of y(4040) l Terra incognita for any 2 P and D-States … Exclusive Channels l Helicity violation l G-Parity violation l Higher Fock state contributions 12 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Charmonium Physics e+e- interactions: pp reactions: l All states directly formed (very good mass resolution) 13 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton cc 1 1000 E 835 ev. /pb l beam momentum reproducibility CBall E 835 100 CBall ev. /2 Me. V l Only 1 -- states are formed l. Existing Other states only by experiments: secondary decays l no B-field, beam time (moderate mass resolution) 3500 3510 3520 Me. V ECM March 3, 2003

Resonance Scan Resonance Cross Section Measured Rate Beam Profile ECM small and well controlled beam momentum spread Dp/p is extremely important 14 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Charmonium Physics Expect 1 -2 fb-1 (like CLEO-C) l pp (>5. 5 Ge. V/c) J/y l pp (>5. 5 Ge. V/c) cc 2 ( J/y g) l pp (>5. 5 Ge. V/c) hc‘( ff) 107/d 105/d 104/d|rec. ? Comparison to E 835 l Maximum energy 15 Ge. V/c instead of 9 Ge. V/c l Luminosity 10 x higher l Detector with magnetic field l Dp/p 10 x better l Dedicated machine with stable conditions 15 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Charmed Hybrids – Decays Fluxtube-Model predicts DD**(+c. c. ) decays l if l m. H<4290 Me. V/c 2 GH < 50 Me. V/c 2 below DD 0(+c. c. ) Some exotics can decay neither to DD nor to DD*(+c. c. ) l e. g. : JPC(H)=0+ • fluxtube forbidden: J/yf 2, J/y(pp)S, hch 1 • fluxtube allowed: cc 0 w, cc 0 f, cc 2 w, cc 2 f, h 1 ch l Small number of final states with small phase space • favours a narrow resonance l if DD**(+c. c. ) possible still very small phase space But! be prepared for surprises measure DD nor to DD*(+c. c. ) waves as well 17 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Charmed Hybrids – Decays of 1 -+ a very likely decay mode will (could? ) be cc(pp)S a l C. Michael, hep-lat 0207017 l preferably using p 0 p 0 to avoid r(770) contamination l use charged mode p+p- for comparison detect the cc in the radiative decay to J/y l detect the soft photon l and the lepton pair 18 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Proton-Antiproton @ Rest/Flight Production all JPC available Formation only selected JPC 19 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Proton-Antiproton @ Rest/Flight nng Production all JPC available Formation only selected JPC p _ p G M p _ p ssg/ccg H M _ p H _ p M p p G p H H _ p Gluon rich process creates gluonic excitation in a direct way l cc requires the quarks to annihilate (no rearrangement) l yield comparable to charmonium production l even at low momenta large exotic content has been proven Momentum range for a survey pp ~15 Ge. V But also Glueball Formation 20 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Heavy Glueballs Light gg/ggg-systems are complicated to identify Exotic heavy glueballs l m(0+-) = 4140(50)(200) Me. V l m(2+-) = 4740(70)(230) Me. V Width unknown, but! l nature invests more likely in mass than in momentum l newest proof: double cc yield in e+e- Flavour-blindness l predicts decays into charmed final states too Same run period as hybrids Morningstar und Peardon, PRD 60 (1999) 034509 Morningstar und Peardon, PRD 56 (1997) 4043 l In addition: scan m>2 Ge. V/c 2 21 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

4 -Quark Formation Proton-Antiproton contains already a 4 -Quark-System Idea: Dilepton-Tag from Drell-Yan-Production Advantages l Trigger l less JPC-Ambiguities l 1200 E. /day @ 12 Ge. V l 300 E. /day @ 5 -8 Ge. V antiproton-Beam (for L=1032 cm-2 s-1) 22 Bannikov, Gornuschkin, Kopeliovich, Krumshtein and Sapozhnikov, JINR E 1 -92 -344 (1992) Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Exotics in Proton-Antiproton Exotics are heavily produced in pp reactions High production yields for exotic mesons (or with a large fraction of it) l f 0(1500)p ~25 % in 3 p 0 l f 0(1500)p ~25 % in 2 hp 0 l p 1(1400)p >10 % in p±p 0 h Crystal Barrel Interference with other well known (conventional) states is mandatory for the phase analysis 23 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Accessible Hadrons mass and phase space of recoil meson for exotic JPC included Other exotics with identical decay channels same region 24 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Signatures, Potential Problems “Leading charmonia” l J/y, y‘, h(‘)c, ccj, [DD] a. o. m. ? Di. Leptons l e+e- (Ecal, Trk) l m+m- (Trk, Hcal) f (f)-Tag l ff and recoil f (Trk, Cherenkov) KS (+K±)-Tag l hc and hc (Vtx, Trk, Cherenkov) Photon-Pairs l gg from cc (Ecal, no-Trk) l gg from p 0 and h (Ecal) Many information needed on “trigger” level ! 26 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

p in Flight – no longer a challenge! Crystal Barrel proved l annihilation in flight can be analyzed unambiguously Formation: l two body decays, where at least one particle carries spin! l ~10 k events L up to 6 Production: l small recoil momenta reduce the available phase space and the contributing waves dramatically l alternative: integration of the production process 27 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton Peters, NPA 692(2001)295 March 3, 2003

Further Experiments Hypernuclear physics l 3 rd dimension of nuclear chart l Focus Double Hypernuclei WACS (previously noted as “Inverted DVCS”) l Measure dynamics of quarks and gluons in a hadron l Handbag diagram Proton Formfactors at large Q 2 l s up to 25 Ge. V 2/c 4 D(S)-Physics l BR and decay dalitzplots w/ high statistics CP-Violation in the D-Sector l also possible pp ® p. Sc+D 0 28 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

The Antiproton Facility 29 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

The Antiproton Facility Antiproton production similar to CERN, HESR = High Energy Storage Ring l Production rate 107/sec l Pbeam = 1. 5 - 15 Ge. V/c l Nstored = 5 x 1010 p Gas-Jet (or Cluster) Target High luminosity mode l Luminosity = 2 x 1032 cm-2 s-1 l Dp/p ~ 10 -4 (stochastic cooling) High resolution mode l Dp/p ~ 10 -5 (electron cooling < 8 Ge. V/c) l Luminosity = 1031 cm-2 s-1 30 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Proposed Detector (Overview) High Rates l Total s ~ 55 mb l 107 interactions/s Vertexing l (sp, KS, L, …) Charged particle ID l (e±, m±, p, …) Magnetic tracking Elm. Calorimetry l (g, p 0, h) Forward capabilities l (leading particles) Sophisticated Trigger(s) 31 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Vertexing: Micro Vertex Detector 7. 2 mio. barrel pixels 50 x 300 μm pellet/cluster pipe beam pipe 2 mio. forward pixels 100 x 150 μm Readout: ASICs (ATLAS/CMS) 0. 37% X 0 or pixel one side – readout other side (TESLA) 32 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Tracking: Straw Tube Tracker Number of double layers Skew angle of dbl layers 1 and 15 Skew angle of dbl layers 2 -14 15 0 o 2 o-3 o Straw tube wall thickness Wire thickness Gas Length Diameter of tubes in double layers 1 -5, 6 -10, and 11 -15 Number of straw tubes 26 mm 20 mm 90%He 10%C 4 H 10 150 cm 4 mm 6 mm 8734 Transverse resolution sx, y Longitudinal resolution sz 150 mm 1 mm 33 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Tracking: Forward MDC 6 layers of sense wires in 3 double layers (y, u, v) not stretched radially (mass) realized at HADES l high counting rates l position resolution 70μm HADES@GSI 34 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

PID: DIRC (Cherenkov) Ba. Bar@SLAC less space than aero gel costs of calorimeter no problems with field 35 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

PID: Forward RICH Multi pad gas Detector Mismatch photons Cs. I photon conversion LHCb Aerogel n=1. 02 proximity focusing mirrors 36 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Electromagnetic Calorimeter 37 Detector material Pb. WO 4 (or BGO) Photo sensors Avalanche Photo Diodes Crystal size 35 x 150 mm 3 (i. e 1. 5 x 1. 5 RM 2 x 17 X 0) Energy resolution 1. 54 % / E[Ge. V] + 0. 3 % (PWO) Time resolution s 130 ps Total number of crystals 7150 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Participating Institutes (with Representative in the Coordination Board) 40 Institutes (32 Locations) from 9 Countries: Austria - Germany – Italy – Netherlands – Poland – Russia – Sweden – U. K. – U. S. U Bochum U Bonn U & INFN Brescia U Catania U Cracow GSI Darmstadt TU Dresden JINR Dubna I + II U Erlangen NWU Evanston U & INFN Ferrara U Frankfurt LNF-INFN Frascati U & INFN Genova U Glasgow U Gießen 38 KVI Groningen IKP Jülich I + II U Katowice LANL Los Alamos U Mainz TU München U Münster BINP Novosibirsk U Pavia U of Silesia U Torino Politechnico di Torino U & INFN Trieste U Tübingen U & TSL Uppsala ÖAd. W Vienna SINS Warsaw Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Why Antiprotons ? high resolution spectroscopy with p-beams in formation experiments: l DE DEbeam high yields in pp of gluonic excitations l glueballs, hybrids event tagging by pair wise associated production, l (particle, anti-particle) e. g. pp bar large √s at low momentum transfer l important for in-medium "implantation" of hadrons: l study of in-medium effects 39 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003

Summary & Outlook Investigation of charmed exotics is one key tool for the investigation of gluonic degrees of freedom inside hadrons HESR @ GSI will survey the whole cc. X mass region in formation and production processes. . . to measure the whole spectrum of heavy exotics 40 Klaus Peters, U Bochum, Charmed Hybrids in Proton Antiproton March 3, 2003