Kittycorner vs CattyCorner From the Midlands to the

Kitty-corner vs. Catty-Corner

From the Midlands to the Upland South and West Virginia

18 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion

18 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley

PENNSYLVANIA Ethnicity

PENNSYLVANIA Ethnicity

18 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley

18 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Midlands influence Log structures

18 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Germans Forebay barn

18 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Germans Covered bridges

18 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Scotch-Irish

18 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Scotch-Irish

18 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Scotch-Irish Log structures

18 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Scotch-Irish Long Hunters

18 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Scotch-Irish Wilderness Road

18 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Settlement expansion Shenandoah Valley Scotch-Irish Celtic Thesis

19 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Civil War Secession of West Virginia

19 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Civil War Secession of West Virginia

19 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Civil War Secession of West Virginia April 4, 1861 Secession Vote - unsuccessful

19 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Civil War Secession of West Virginia April 12, 1861 Firing on Fort Sumter April 15, 1861 Lincoln calls for 75, 000 volunteers

19 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Civil War Secession of West Virginia

19 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Civil War Secession of West Virginia Orange & Alexandria RR roundhouse Union invasion of Alexandria May 24, 1861 First casualties Marshall House Alexandria slave market

19 th CENTURY VIRGINIA Civil War Secession of West Virginia 61 18 62 18 1864 63 18 1865 Statehood Referendum October 24, 1861 Not completely cleared of Confederate forces until October 1864